目的国贸易政策对中国绿色产品出口格局的影响实证研究
朱向东(1990—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为环境经济地理。E-mail:zxd_simple@163.com |
收稿日期: 2023-08-18
修回日期: 2024-06-26
网络出版日期: 2025-05-13
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42001116)
国家自然科学基金项目(42122006)
广州市哲学社会科学规划2023年度课题(2023GZGJ22)
中共广东省委党校重大攻关课题(XYZDGG202402)
中共广东省委党校一般课题(XYYB202310)
Impact of Destination Countries' Trade Policies on the Export Pattern of Chinese Environmental Goods
Received date: 2023-08-18
Revised date: 2024-06-26
Online published: 2025-05-13
各国基于环境目标推动绿色产品贸易自由化,基于经济目标实施贸易保护,两者共同塑造中国绿色产品外贸环境。文章基于2009—2023年中国海关数据,呈现中国绿色产品出口目的国格局,采用面板数据模型探究贸易自由化和贸易保护的影响,并在省份、产品、目的国层面进行异质性分析。研究发现:①2009—2023年,中国绿色产品出口规模先升后降,自2021年起呈下降趋势;发达国家市场占中国出口总额的63.7%,发展中国家市场占新增出口的58.1%;②贸易自由化利好绿色产品出口,贸易保护则抑制出口;③省份创新能力强助力绿色产品出口,且能够缓和贸易保护的负面影响;④贸易自由化促进低技术复杂度产品出口,贸易保护对不同技术复杂度产品的影响未有明显差异;⑤贸易自由化未能提升向发达国家出口,贸易保护则抑制向不同国家出口;⑥目的国碳排放强度低、市场规模大,能够放大贸易自由化的正面影响。研究表明,中国绿色产品出口面临复杂的国际贸易环境,持续推动技术创新和贸易自由化有助于巩固中国在绿色产品领域的优势地位。
朱向东 , 朱晟君 , 陈伟 . 目的国贸易政策对中国绿色产品出口格局的影响实证研究[J]. 经济地理, 2025 , 45(3) : 246 -255 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2025.03.025
Countries promote trade liberalization of environmental goods (EGs) based on environmental goals while implementing trade protection measures driven by economic objectives. These dual forces collectively shape the trade environment for China's EGs. Based on the China Customs data from 2009 to 2023, this paper examines the export patterns of China's EGs to destination countries, employs a panel data model to analyze the effects of trade liberalization and trade protection, and conducts heterogeneity analyses from the aspects of the provincial level, product, and destination country. The results indicate that: 1) From 2009-2023, the export scale of China's EGs initially increased but subsequently declined, with a noticeable downward trend emerging from 2021. Developed countries accounted for 63.7% of China's total EGs export, while developing countries represented 58.1% of incremental export growth. 2) Trade liberalization positively impacts the export of EGs, whereas trade protection exerts a inhibitory effect on the export of EGs. 3) Provinces with stronger innovation capabilities demonstrate higher export competitiveness and can effectively mitigate the negative impacts of trade protection. 4) Trade liberalization promotes the EGs export with lower export technological sophistication, whereas trade protection shows no differential impact across EGs. 5) Trade liberalization does not significantly increase exports to developed countries, while trade protection negatively affects exports to all types of destination countries. 6) Lower carbon emission intensity and larger market size in destination countries amplify the positive effects of trade liberalization. The findings suggest that continuously promoting technological innovation and advocating trade liberalization policies are essential strategies for China to sustain its global competitive advantage in EGs.
表1 贸易政策影响下的中国绿色产品出口Tab.1 Impact of trade policies on Chinese environmental goods export |
变量 | 基准回归 | 东部 | 中西部 | 省份创新水平 | 产品技术复杂度 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) Y | (2) Y | (3) Y | (4) Y | (5) Y | (6) Y | (7) Y | (8) Y | (9) Y | |||||
Red | -0.0865*** | -0.0484*** | -0.138*** | -0.106*** | -0.509*** | -0.106*** | -0.112*** | -0.0869*** | -0.113*** | ||||
(0.0110) | (0.0135) | (0.0182) | (0.0120) | (0.0355) | (0.0120) | (0.0109) | (0.0287) | (0.0109) | |||||
Green | 0.0750*** | 0.1110*** | -0.0229 | 0.1030*** | 0.1010*** | 0.0693* | 0.0888*** | 0.0886*** | 0.2140*** | ||||
(0.0126) | (0.0156) | (0.0206) | (0.0131) | (0.0131) | (0.0388) | (0.0125) | (0.0125) | (0.0352) | |||||
Pat | 0.00541** | -0.00323 | 0.00479** | ||||||||||
(0.00224) | (0.00235) | (0.00234) | |||||||||||
Red·Pat | 0.0573*** | ||||||||||||
(0.00475) | |||||||||||||
Green·Pat | 0.00473 | ||||||||||||
(0.00511) | |||||||||||||
PCI | 1.8180*** | 1.8210*** | 1.8260*** | ||||||||||
(0.0219) | (0.0220) | (0.0220) | |||||||||||
Red·PCI | -0.0213 | ||||||||||||
(0.0228) | |||||||||||||
Green·PCI | -0.1040*** | ||||||||||||
(0.0274) |
表2 目的国异质性分析Tab.2 Heterogeneous analysis of destination countries |
变量 | 发达国家 | 发展中国家 | 目的国碳排放强度 | 目的国市场规模 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) Y | (2) Y | (3) Y | (4) Y | (5) Y | (6) Y | (7) Y | (8) Y | ||||
Red | -0.1580*** | -0.1200*** | -0.0597*** | 0.1210 | -0.0592*** | -0.0735*** | -0.2320 | -0.0710*** | |||
(0.0145) | (0.0173) | (0.0114) | (0.1270) | (0.0114) | (0.0111) | (0.2120) | (0.0112) | ||||
Green | 0.0255 | 0.0556*** | 0.0971*** | 0.0973*** | 0.3850** | 0.0802*** | 0.0812*** | -0.5730** | |||
(0.0172) | (0.0190) | (0.0130) | (0.0130) | (0.1620) | (0.0126) | (0.0127) | (0.2290) | ||||
Carbon | -1.1410*** | -1.1340*** | -1.1360*** | ||||||||
(0.0310) | (0.0313) | (0.0311) | |||||||||
Red·Carbon | -0.0359 | ||||||||||
(0.0252) | |||||||||||
Green·Carbon | -0.0576* | ||||||||||
(0.0322) | |||||||||||
Market | 0.0311** | 0.0304** | 0.0293** | ||||||||
(0.0147) | (0.0147) | (0.0147) | |||||||||
Red·Market | 0.00705 | ||||||||||
(0.00943) | |||||||||||
Green·Market | 0.0294*** | ||||||||||
(0.0103) |
表3 稳健性检验Tab.3 Robust test |
变量 | 因变量缩尾 | 变量滞后 | 替换变量 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) YW | (2) Y | (3) Y | |||
Red | -0.0763*** | -0.1040*** | |||
(0.0103) | (0.0123) | ||||
Green | 0.0765*** | 0.0894*** | 0.0708*** | ||
(0.0118) | (0.0140) | (0.0126) | |||
L.Carbon | -0.7570*** | ||||
(0.0386) | |||||
L.Market | 0.0995*** | ||||
(0.0167) | |||||
Red_Amber | -0.0411*** | ||||
(0.00872) |
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