Based on the complex network theory and the cascade failure model, this article analyzes the risk propagation time, coverage range and impact degree of the global grain supply chain network caused by the failure of node countries. It also analyzes the specific path of supply risk propagation in typical countries and constructs a risk index for China's grain trade supply to analyze the security situation of China's grain trade supply. The results show that: 1) The global trades of wheat, corn, rice, and soybeans all present a situation of "few and concentrated exporting countries, and many and scattered importing countries". Among them, the trade concentration of soybeans is the highest, followed by corn and rice, and wheat is the lowest. 2) The transmission time, scope and impact of risks in the soybean supply chain network are the longest, widest and deepest, followed by corn and rice, while the transmission time, scope and degree of risks in the wheat supply chain network are short, small and shallow. 3) China has close ties with core countries in the global grain trade network and is sensitive to supply risks from these countries. The supply risks of the core countries all triggered the corn and soybean trade supply crisis in China in the first round of communication. 4) The overall risk of China's grain trade supply is fluctuating and rising, and the overall risk value is at a high level. Among them, soybean trade supply risk is the highest, followed by corn, wheat, and rice, which are relatively small. The trade supply risk of wheat, corn, and soybean is on the rise, while the trade supply risk of rice trade shows a U-shaped trend, first decreasing and then increasing.

This study proposes a "tension-adjustment-adaptation" theoretical framework to interpret the transformation of population aging and introduces a conceptual model to define new structural aging. Drawing on multi-source data from 2000 to 2020 including demographic, socio-economic, and natural data, this study employs interval-coupled regional typology classification and an optimal parameter-based geographic detector to examine the transformation process and regional patterns of new-structural aging in Jilin Province. It further identifies the dominant driving forces and underlying mechanisms. The results show that: 1) The interaction between population aging and socio-economic development typically follows a three-phase evolutionary trajectory: tension-adjustment-adaptation. The proposed framework encompasses three dimensions: scale, quality, and space. Each dimension encompasses different structural types, which correspond respectively to foundational, constraining, and differentiating aspects. 2) From 2000 to 2020, new-structural aging in Jilin Province underwent a profound transformation. It is marked by the multi-dimensional synergistic evolution features across demographic expansion, deeper structural aging, an increase in empty-nest households, improved elderly health, an inversion in the urban-rural aging pattern, and distinct regional imbalances. 3) Six regional typologies of new-structural aging are identified in Jilin Province: the comprehensively constrained type, the scale-spatially constrained type, the quality constrained type, the spatially constrained type, the structurally stable type, and the relatively balanced type. These types display pronounced spatial variation, predominantly in border counties, resource-depleted regions, urban fringe collapse zones, and core metropolitan areas. 4) The driving forces behind new-structural aging transformation exhibit clear structural heterogeneity, involving demographic, socio-economic, familial, and environmental factors. Interactive effects among these factors are generally stronger than their individual contributions.

Based on the patent transfer data between 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region from 2010 to 2021, this study uses the methods of social network analysis and zero-inflated negative binomial regression to analyze the evolutionary characteristics and driving factors of the technology transfer network in the YRD region. The research findings indicate that: 1) The frequency of technology transfer activities in the YRD region is increasing, and the coverage of the technology transfer network is expanding, leading to closer and more efficient connections between cities. 2) The gap between leading cities and trailing cities in technology transfer is narrowing. Cities with strong technology outflow capabilities are mainly distributed in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, while cities with relatively high technology inflows are predominantly located in in Anhui Province. 3) Technology transfer activities are mainly concentrated in the southeastern part of the YRD region and show an expanding trend oriented toward the northwest-southeast direction. Outflow activities are concentrated in economically developed eastern cities, whereas inflow activities are relatively evenly distributed. 4) The integration degree of cities within the urban agglomeration has been enhanced in technology transfer activities, with the YRD urban agglomeration led by "Shanghai-Suzhou-Nanjing-Hangzhou" demonstrating a strong propensity for technology transfer. However, the connections between cities in Anhui Province and other cities are relatively weak. 5) Geographical distance and differences in economic development negatively impact technology transfer in the YRD region, while it positively affect the absorptive capacity of patent-receiving cities and the technological radiation capacity of patent-originating cities, the influence of institutional differences between cities changes from positive to negative. Based on the above, this study provides recommendations for improving the level of technology transfer in the YRD region.

Using the methods of exploratory spatial data analysis, an improved multi-modal two-step floating catchment area method incorporating multi-modal transport and Gini coefficient, this study measures the spatial adaptability between the supply of basic education facilities and the demand of the school-age population in the six districts and one county of Changsha. The results show that: 1) Both basic education facilities and school-age population exhibit a core-periphery spatial pattern, although their distribution centers and evolutionary logics differ. 2) At the grid scale, the adaptation of basic education facilities is characterized by “agglomeration in central area and scattered spots in peripheral area, and shows a decreasing trend from the central urban area toward the periphery. 3) Overall, the supply-demand relationship of basic education facilities across the entire region is in a state of “relative balance”, but clear differences exist among sub-districts and towns. The central urban area generally remains at a high level of adaptation. The urban-rural fringe, where population inflow and enrollment pressure are most concentrated, faces prominent supply-demand tensions. Rural areas display structural mismatches characterized by relatively concentrated supply in township centers, insufficient commuting accessibility in peripheral areas, and suboptimal school quality in certain institutions.

Urban last-mile logistics terminal outlets are undergoing rapid changes in both quantity and spatial layout, and systematically revealing their spatial evolutionary patterns is crucial for optimizing urban logistics systems. Based on the data of last-mile logistics and express delivery terminal sites in Shenzhen in 2019, 2021 and 2023, this study employs an integrated framework combining the increment index, kernel density analysis, spatial autocorrelation, and a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model to examine their spatiotemporal evolution and multi-scale driving mechanisms. The results indicate that: 1) The spatial structure of Shenzhen's last-mile delivery network has shifted markedly from a single-core concentration to a polycentric and networked patterns, accompanied by a continuous improvement in spatial equilibrium. The growth trajectory exhibits clear developmental stages, transitioning from rapid scale expansion to structural optimization and quality enhancement. 2) The distribution of logistics and express delivery terminal sites in Shenzhen displays stable spatial positive autocorrelation and agglomeration patterns, forming "high-high" agglomeration areas centered on Futian-Luohu, "low-low" agglomeration areas mainly within ecological control zones, and "low-high" agglomeration areas in transitional zones, which indicates a pronounced spatial differentiation pattern. 3) The MGWR model reveals that the historical agglomeration bases and regional economic vitality are the most influential global driving factors, while the effects of public-transport accessibility, commercial land prices, and population density exhibit strong spatial heterogeneity.

Against the backdrop of deepening globalization, sports, by virtue of their multiple attributes (society, economy and culture), are actively integrating into the tide of globalization. On the basis of sorting out concepts related to sports globalization, this study adopts bibliometric analysis methods to conduct statistical analysis on relevant literatures from the Web of Science Core Collection and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database in 1990-2025, and reveals its development stages, hotspots, cooperation networks, and characteristics of methodological evolution. Based on the above, it systematically reviews domestic and international research progress from the perspectives of hot topics such as sports globalization and urban social economy, political culture, spatial landscape, and measurement system. The results show that: 1) The number of literatures on urban sports globalization research has maintained a steady growth trend, entering a phase of rapid expansion in the late 2010s. The research has gone through four stages,: initial exploration stage, expansion and development stage, deepening and diversification stage, and comprehensive improvement stage. 2) The research paradigm has transformed from qualitative description to quantitative comprehensive analysis, showing the characteristics of interdisciplinary integration. Theoretically, it has deepened from the single concept of sports globalization to the "sports-city" interaction framework, and formed a thematic context of "concept deepening, interaction analysis, multiple effects, spatial reconstruction, system construction". 3) The research suffers from shortcomings such as insufficient integration of academic theories, unbalanced regional coverage, the tendency of "emphasizing macro topics while neglecting micro topics" in research issues, and incomplete research on negative effects. Based on the above, this paper puts forward future research directions, including strengthening interdisciplinary integration, focusing on the practices of developing countries, and promoting the innovation of research methods and technologies, so as to provide theoretical support for the construction of China's global sports cities and the practice of sports globalization.

Based on the interpretation of the concepts of urban-rural integration and common prosperity, this paper scientifically constructs the evaluation index systems for the urban-rural integration and the performance of common prosperity. Taking the Yellow River Basin as the case study area, this paper utilizes various econometric models to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns and dynamic evolution mechanisms of urban-rural integration and common prosperity from 2011 to 2021. The findings indicate that: 1) The levels of common prosperity and urban-rural integration in the Yellow River Basin both exhibit an uneven spatial pattern, which is higher level in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin than that in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin, lower level in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin, indicating a significant spatial correlation between two systems. High-level areas show a cluster pattern within the Yellow River Basin, with an increasingly prominent club convergence effect. 2) Urban-rural integration not only exerts a direct influence on common prosperity but also affects its development through time-lag effects and spatial spillover effects. Among the control variables, informatization level, degree of openness to the outside world, foreign direct investment, and financial development all significantly impact the advancement of common prosperity. 3) The impact of urban-rural integration on common prosperity in the Yellow River Basin exhibits pronounced regional heterogeneity. Specifically, urban-rural integration has the most pronounced overall impact on common prosperity in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin. In the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin, the spatial spillover effect of urban-rural integration on common prosperity reflects a development pattern characterized by "insufficient external driving forces". 4) Mediation effect analysis indicates that urban-rural integration in the Yellow River Basin advances the realization of common prosperity through mechanisms involving labor mobility and industrial structure upgrading.

Clarifying the spatio-temporal evolution and driving mechanisms of integrated urban-rural development holds significant theoretical and practical implications for promoting comprehensive rural revitalization and high-quality development of urban-rural integration. Taking 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region as the research objects, this paper employs indicator evaluation and spatial econometric methods to examine the spatio-temporal evolution and driving mechanisms of the development level of urban-rural integration from 2002 to 2022. The results show that: 1) During the study period, the functional integration of urban and rural areas in the YRD region continued to rise, and inter-city functional disparities narrowed, yet regional imbalances persisted. 2) The overall level of urban-rural integration in the YRD region exhibited an upward trend during the study period, with fluctuating disparities observed both across cities and across provinces to varying degrees. 3) Spatial differentiation of urban-rural integration development in the YRD region was pronounced, exhibiting distinct "high-high" and "high-low" spatial agglomeration pattern, with notable fluctuations and non-linear characteristics. 4) The results of spatial econometric analysis demonstrate that the proportion of grain cultivation land and the gap in industrial output value between urban and rural areas exert a negative driving effect on urban-rural integration development. The educational comparison coefficient, the gap in disposable income between urban and rural residents, and the gap in per capita consumption between urban and rural residents play a positive role in promoting urban-rural integration development.

Based on the methods of the coupling coordination degree model, kernel density estimation, Moran Index, and spatial convergence models, this study systematically examines the coupling coordination between large model technology and new quality productive forces in China and its spatio-temporal evolution. The findings reveal that: 1) The levels of large model technology and new quality productive forces are on a sustained upward trend, exhibiting a distinct spatial pattern of "higher value in the east of research area and lower value in the west of research area". The overall level of coupling coordination between the two systems has substantial room for improvement and is characterized by clear regional disparities. 2) In the temporal dimension, although the average annual growth rate in developing regions is higher than that in developed regions, due to substantial differences in baseline levels, their absolute increments are insufficient to reverse the existing stock gaps, resulting in a continuing expansion of the absolute disparity in coupling coordination degree at the provincial level. 3) In the spatial dimension, the coupling coordination degrees at the provincial level demonstrate significant spatial autocorrelation and clustering characteristics, forming a stable spatial structure with high-level agglomeration areas centered in the eastern coastal regions and low-level contiguous areas predominantly covering the central, western and northeastern regions.

Taking Beijing as the study area, and based on the high-resolution firm-level spatial data with a 2 km × 2 km spatial grid, this paper comprehensively employs the methods of input-output analysis, grid-based agglomeration identification, and negative binomial regression to systematically reveal the spatial synergistic agglomeration characteristics between advanced manufacturing and producer services and analyze its influencing mechanisms. The results show that: 1) There are 99 agglomeration areas of advanced manufacturing and 112 agglomeration areas of producer services in Beijing, with 46 spatial synergistic agglomeration areas. At the municipal scale, the two types of industries exhibit a spatial pattern characterized by peri-urban agglomeration, park-based hosting, and multi-nodal distribution. The synergistic agglomeration areas are markedly concentrated in the Zhongguancun sub-parks, the Beijing Economic-technological Development Area (BDA), and adjacent functional platforms, revealing a form of platform-dependent embeddedness. 2) In terms of functional structure, the synergistic agglomeration areas are dominated by highly knowledge-intensive industries such as technology services and information services, displaying a pairing characteristic of "single-function services" with "multi-function manufacturing". 3) The mechanisms of spatial synergistic agglomeration exhibit multi-factor coupling characteristics, with urbanization economies, development-zone policies, transportation accessibility, and logistics connectivity being key driving factors, while high industrial linkage does not necessarily translate into spatial proximity. 4) Significant heterogeneity exists among different subsectors in terms of spatial preferences, factor sensitivity, and park adaptability, leading to differentiation and imbalance in spatial synergistic agglomeration. This paper deepens the empirical examination of spatial agglomeration theory from the perspective of industrial integration, and provides certain reference value for optimizing the industrial spatial structure of Beijing and other metropolitan areas, as well as for cultivating new competitive advantages in service-oriented manufacturing.

Against the dual challenges of population aging and the weakening of family-based elderly care functions, the spatial allocation of institutional care resources has become a pivotal issue for social welfare enhancement in megacities. Departing from the traditional assumption of homogeneity in institutional elderly care service quality, this research establishes a four-tier classification system (basic-guarantee high-quality type, basic-guarantee general type, high-quality type, and general type) on the basis of the data of 580 institutions in Shanghai from the perspectives of service quality, rating grade, and basic-guarantee attributes. Within this framework, it employs kernel density analysis and the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method to systematically reveal the spatial differentiation patterns, formation mechanisms, and optimization pathways of institutional elderly care resources in Shanghai. The main findings indicate that: 1) The accessibility of institutional elderly care services in Shanghai exhibits a distinctive pattern of "suburban areas outperforming the city center", whereby the high concentration of elderly care facilities in central urban areas fails to translate into service advantages due to the dilution effect of elderly population density. 2) The allocation of elderly care resources in Shanghai manifests a government-market driving structure. Government-supported basic services display a gradient layout characterized by "centralized high-quality services and networked general services", while market-oriented high-quality services follow a demand-density and affordability-oriented logic, exhibiting spatial exclusivity. 3) The basic-guarantee inclusive resources in Shanghai show significant scale sensitivity, where service radius adjustments trigger systematic restructuring of the spatial pattern, revealing their structural vulnerabilities in planning frameworks. 4) Through the construction of a two-stage spatial optimization path it can achieve the coordinating allocation of facility siting and bed resources. Following optimization, the average accessibility of basic-guarantee high-quality and basic-guarantee general institutions improved by 34.1% and 25.7% respectively, effectively alleviating the systemic mismatch in suburban areas without adding new facilities. This study verifies the operability of the proposed pathway in enhancing service efficiency and promoting spatial equity.

As an emerging industry in the digital economy era, the short video creative sector has become a significant driver of regional cultural dissemination and industrial upgrading. Based on the urban amenity theory, this study takes Bilibili content creators as the research subject and employs methods such as locational quotient, cold and hot spot analysis, kernel density estimation, and geographical detector to thoroughly examine their spatial agglomeration characteristics and influencing factors. The findings reveal that:1) Approximately one-third of Bilibili content creators in China are concentrated in first-tier cities such as Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, while emerging cities like Hangzhou, Chongqing and Xiamen also exhibit strong attractiveness. In contrast, the distribution of Bilibili content creators in western peripheral regions generally displays low-density and scattered characteristics. 2) The core areas with high locational quotient values of Bilibili content creators are further highlighted, with an expanded scope of outward radiation, forming a nearly "belt-shaped" high-value contiguous zone along the eastern coastal region, the North China Plain, and the southern coastal area. Conversely, low-value zones form large, patchy clusters in central and western regions. 3) Although Bilibili content creators in different fields are highly concentrated in core cities within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration, the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, and the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration, their agglomeration intensity varies by category. Moreover, each urban agglomeration has developed distinct categorical advantages based on its unique functional positioning and industrial foundation. 4) Digital environment convenience demonstrates considerable explanatory power regarding the spatial distribution of Bilibili content creators, while entrepreneurial environment support also exerts a certain degree of influence. In comparison, the positive effects of leisure environment suitability and social living amenity indicators are relatively limited.

Based on the patent data from the China National Intellectual Property Administration in 2012-2023, this study identifies the digital-green patent technologies, constructs an intercity collaborative innovation network for the digital-green patent technologies in China, and uses the methods of social network analysis and spatial Durbin model to systematically examine its network structure, spatiotemporal evolution, and influencing factors. The findings reveal that: 1) From 2012 to 2023, the density of the China's intercity collaborative network for digital-green patent technologies significantly increased, with inter-city cooperation evolving from being dominated by a few core cities such as Beijing and Shanghai to a multi-polar nationwide collaboration. 2) The degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality of core cities generally rose. Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen emerged as major hubs, while the network integration of central and western cities such as Wuhan, Chengdu, and Hefei continued to improve, shifting the network from a pronounced "core-periphery" structure to a multi-level collaborative structure. 3) Economic foundation, advanced industrial structure, human capital, technological investment, green regulations, and intellectual property protection exhibit significant positive correlations with local network centrality in cities. The indirect effects of economic foundation, advanced industrial structure, and technological investment are negative, whereas intellectual property protection has both positive direct effects and spatial spillover effects. Financial development demonstrates negative direct effects and positive spatial spillover effects, while the positive impact of informationization penetration is primarily reflected through spatial spillovers.

Based on the POI data of basic public services in Chinese counties and the data of China Family Panel Studies, this paper empirically analyzes the spatio-temporal distribution of equalization of basic public services and its impact mechanism on the quality of poverty alleviation of rural households from 2014 to 2022 by the means of the Probit fixed effect model. Research findings show that: 1) China's basic public services presented a pattern of "leading in the eastern region and lagging behind in the central and western regions". Specifically, the equalization of basic education showed a trend of "convergence in the central region", the medical and health care equalization exhibited a pattern of "contraction along the coastal region and rise in the inland", while the equalization of cultural and sports facilities are relatively balanced in the eastern region and unbalanced in the western region. 2) In terms of impact mechanisms, the equalization of basic public services improves the quality of poverty alleviation by enhancing the health and human capital levels of farmers. The equalization of medical and health care reduces the risk of returning to poverty due to illness and popularizes health knowledge, the equalization of basic education enhances employment, income growth and risk resistance capabilities, and prevents intergenerational solidification of income. 3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the equalization of basic education has a more stable effect on middle-aged rural households with heavier family burdens and on highly educated rural households, while the equalization of medical and health care has a more significant effect on younger, less educated, and empty-nest rural households.

In the process of rapid urbanization, population shrinkage has reshaped the rural socio-ecological system and generated certain environmental effects. This paper examines the environmental effects of rural population shrinkage in China from 2000 to 2022 from the perspective of the carbon-water footprint of food consumption, using the life cycle assessment (LCA) and the fixed-effects models. The results show that: 1) Rural population shrinkage has mitigated environmental pressure during the study period, significantly reducing the carbon-water footprint of food consumption in rural areas. 2) With the development of urbanization, the carbon-water footprint of food consumption in rural areas shows an increasing trend. Optimizing dietary structure and changing consumption patterns are conducive to slowing the growth rate of the carbon-water footprint and mitigating the negative environmental impacts of food consumption. 3) Prediction results show that from 2022 to 2035, the carbon-water footprint of food consumption in rural areas will decline year by year. By 2035, the predicted carbon footprint of food consumption in rural areas is estimated to be 687.397kg CO_2-eq, and the predicted water footprint is estimated to be 624.125 m³. This study proposes some recommends: guiding population movement rationally, optimizing food consumption structure, improving agricultural production technology efficiency, reducing the carbon-water footprint of food consumption in rural areas and promoting the coordinated development between rural revitalization and the "dual carbon" goals.

As a typical ecological functional zone, the Poyang Lake area is rich in ecological resources and serves as a representative region for realizing the value of ecological products. Taking 36 counties in the Poyang Lake area as research subjects, this study quantifies the ecological product value realization and the level of rural revitalization in the Poyang Lake area. Using a bivariate spatial autocorrelation model, an ordinary least squares (OLS) model, and a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model, it reveals the spatiotemporal correlation between the two. The main findings are as follows: 1) During the study period, both the ecological product value realization and the level of rural revitalization in the Poyang Lake area increased steadily. However, the latter exhibited structural differentiation, with prosperous industries and affluent living growing significantly faster than other dimensions. 2) Both the ecological product value realization and the rural revitalization in the region displayed an unbalanced spatial pattern of "higher value in the west of research area and lower in the east of research area", and their spatial correlation pattern shifted from spatial mismatch to synergistic agglomeration. 3) Ecological product value realization exerts a significant positive driving effect on rural revitalization, yet there are notable spatial and structural asymmetries. Its promoting effect is strongest on prosperous industries and affluent living, whereas its influence on ecologically livable environments and rural cultural advancement exhibits spatial differentiation. This study provides a reference for optimizing pathways to rural revitalization.

From the perspective of life cycle assessment, this study employed the accounting method of carbon source carbon sink to estimate the cropland ecosystem carbon footprint in Hunan Province from 2000 to 2022, and reveals the spatiotemporal differentiation and multi-dimensional driving mechanisms of the carbon footprint by the means of geographically and temporally weighted regression model with interaction effects. The results indicate that: 1) The carbon footprint of cropland ecosystems in Hunan Province generally showed a fluctuating downward trend, with annual fluctuations gradually moderating. The spatial pattern of the carbon footprint exhibits an increasing gradient from western and southern Hunan toward northern, central, and eastern Hunan. 2) The effects of driving factors showed significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Agricultural production concentration and farmland management scale exhibited carbon-increasing effects, whereas agricultural production efficiency, agricultural technological progress, and financial support for agriculture showed carbon-reducing effects. 3) The interaction between agricultural production concentration and other factors could effectively reverse its own carbon-increasing effects and achieve synergistic carbon reduction. This study reveals the driving mechanisms of cropland carbon footprints from the three dimensions of scale, technology and policy, which provides a scientific basis for formulating differentiated emission reduction policies in Hunan Province. It further emphasizes that the precision of agricultural carbon governance should be enhanced through multi-factor synergy.

National parks are the core carriers of natural ecological conservation in China, yet their construction faces the contradictory problems between ecological conservation and livelihood development of resource-dependent communities. Taking Changdao National Park as a case study, this paper constructs a synergistic development index between community livelihoods and ecological conservation, and empirically examines the impact and mechanisms of ecotourism on their synergistic development using the propensity score matching (PSM) model and the mediation effect model. The findings indicate that: 1) Community residents in Changdao National Park have significantly enhanced their livelihood resilience and willingness to engage in ecological behaviors through participating in ecotourism, which is conducive to the synergistic development between community livelihoods and ecological conservation. 2) The results of mechanism analysis show that social capital reconstruction and institutional identity internalization play a partial mediating effect between ecotourism and the synergistic development between community livelihoods and ecological conservation. 3) Further analysis shows that the participation of island residents in ecotourism has formed a circular system of 'benefiting from tourism to feed ecological conservation and improving the environment to promote tourism development', which promotes the positive interaction between community livelihoods and ecological conservation in marine national park. 4) External policy support significantly and positively moderates how ecotourism fosters the synergistic development between community livelihoods and ecological protection in Changdao National Park. Finally, based on the above, it is proposed that local governments should improve institutional safeguards, promote the value-added of social capital, and vigorously develop ecotourism, so as to provide a replicable island sample and practical reference for constructing a sustainable development model for national parks.

Taking northwestern region of China as the study area, and based on the data of national-level intangible cultural heritage (ICH) items from the first to fifth batches and the spatial datasets on population, natural environment, and socio-economy, this paper characterizes the spatiotemporal evolution of ICH resources in northwestern region and examines the effects of influencing factors and their underlying spatial mechanisms applying GIS and the XGBoost. The results show that: 1) There are 437 national-level ICH items in northwestern region, accounting for 12.1% of the national total. Overall, the number of ICH items has experienced three developmental stages: rapid increase, sharp decline, and steady recovery. By category, traditional music, opera, and quyi (folk performing art) decreased by 49.4%, 70.6%, and 60.8%, respectively, while traditional fine arts, traditional craftsmanship, and folk customs increased by 23.6%, 147.2%, and 12.3%. 2) The overall spatial distribution of ICH resources exhibits a pattern of "high in the northwest and southeast of study area, low in the middle", high-density areas are mainly concentrated in Xining, Haidong, Linxia, Lanzhou, Xianyang, Tongchuan, Urumqi, Kashgar, and other cities. 3) The spatial distribution of ICH resources in northwestern region is primarily dominated by factors such as GDP and distance to rivers, with contribution rates of 18.1% and 11.9%, respectively, followed by four-generation household registrations contributing 9.8%. Elevation, population aged over 80, total population, sex ratio, NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), years of education, and slope also each contribute more than 4%. 4) In terms of factor effects, the spatial pattern of ICH in northwestern region is the result of nonlinear coupling between natural factor and socio-economic factor. Among these, GDP and distance to rivers exert compound effects, four-generation household registrations, elevation, total population, population aged over 80, sex ratio, and slope show positive effects, whereas years of education and NDVI exhibit negative effects.

Based on the triadic reciprocal determinism theory, this study constructs a complex causal model to examine residents' value co-creation behaviors in rural tourism destinations, and comprehensively analyzes its influencing factors and structural relationships from three aspects: individual, environmental, and behavioral factors. On the basis of the above, it uses the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to conduct a complexity analysis of questionnaire data collected from Yuanjia Village, Shaanxi Province, China, yielding 24 configurational pathways that lead to high-level value co-creation behaviors among residents. The results indicate that: 1) Resident-tourist interaction, social capital, place attachment, and perceived benefits are the core conditions that drive residents to engage in value co-creation behaviors. 2) Residents' value co-creation behaviors are the outcome of the interplay among individual, environmental, and behavioral factors, and no single antecedent condition is sufficient to produce high-level value co-creation behaviors. 3) The antecedent conditions for high-level value co-creation behaviors exhibit heterogeneous characteristics.

Scientific accounting of compensation standards and fair distribution of compensation funds are crucial parts for realizing market-oriented ecological compensation and promoting regional equity in ecologically sensitive areas. Taking 39 prefecture-level cities of Yunnan-Guangxi-Guizhou (YGG for short) region as the study area, this paper employs the ecological footprint method to account for regional ecological surpluses and deficits. By coupling external horizontal compensation with internal responsibility incentives, it constructs a dual-tier compensation mode that is external compensation and internal incentive, which balances regional fairness and efficiency. The research reveals that: 1) The heterogeneity of regional ecological capital directly shapes the spatial flow patterns of the Yunnan-Guangxi-Guizhou region. This has led to the formation of five ecological deficit areas represented by prefecture-level cities such as Guiyang and Kunming, and 34 ecological surplus areas, located predominantly in peripheral regions such as Pu'er, Qujing, and Qiandongnan. 2) The "external compensation" mechanism quantifies ecological surpluses/deficits and the value of ecosystem services, and clarifies the eco-economic responsibilities of each region. It establishes a clear fund-flow trend, cities such as Guiyang and Kunming act as the primary paying entities, Pu'er and Qujing and others act as receiving entities, which implements the basic principle of "polluter pays, protector benefits". 3) Based on ecological governance performance, the "internal incentive" mechanism determines the incentive-based compensation quotas for each prefecture-level city. This framework allows the five paying areas, which are in ecological deficit, to also obtain incentive funds by virtue of their governance performance, thereby achieving a virtuous coupling of pollution penalties and governance incentives.

In response to short-term daily fluctuations and sudden risks of tourist flows amid the regular occurrence of major events, this study takes Hangzhou as the primary research setting. Based on the daily tourist-flow data from 2022 to 2025, it constructs the core explanatory variables from the aspects of "institutional-structural disturbances" and "information-behavioral disturbances", taking meteorological conditions as environmental control factors. A hybrid forecasting model is developed, in which SARIMAX captures trend and seasonal structures, and LSTM corrects nonlinear residuals. The cross-destination robustness of the model is further examined using Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area as a comparative case. The results show that: 1) The 19th Asian Games exhibit heterogeneous effects at the macro and micro levels, and the incorporation of Bai-Perron breakpoints enables SARIMAX to identify stage-specific structural changes. 2) Online search indices display a hierarchical leading structure, with information-seeking keywords leading tourist flows by 2-3 days, serving as heterogeneous leading indicators. 3) Stepwise ablation experiments indicate that exogenous variables, seasonal components, and LSTM-based residual correction made distinct explanatory contributions to institutional shocks, weekly cyclical fluctuations, and nonlinear disturbances, respectively. 4) The hybrid model achieved an R² of 0.9064 on the Hangzhou test set and 0.9237 in the Jiuzhaigou case, demonstrating good cross-destination applicability.