New spatial economics (NSE) is a comprehensive theoretical paradigm proposed in the late 2010s against the backdrop of the Data-Information-Knowledge-Intelligence-Talent (DIKIT) era. It aims to overcome the limitations of the single perspectives of "production-capital centrality" or "consumption-humanistic centrality" in traditional spatial economics and to achieve their integration and transcendence. This paper systematically elaborates the core proposition of NSE, namely that spatial economy is endogenously determined by the interwoven co-evolution among technological innovation, increasing returns, factor flows, travel costs and transport costs, and spatial quality. On this basis, it reveals four paradigmatic breakthroughs: the Triality Paradigm, the Triality Spatial Theory, the Triality Structure Theory, and the Triality Dynamics Theory. This paper clarifies the relationships of inheritance, synthesis, and transcendence between NSE and traditional urban economics, new urban economics, new economic geography, as well as consumer city theory, creative capital theory, and scene theory. At the level of governance implications, it proposes a Triality Synergistic Governance Model, which consists of a four-dimensional institutional framework as the organizational carrier, a triple helix pathway as the evolutionary trajectory, and the Dynamic Cultivation Method as the practical methodology. Finally, this paper emphasizes the theoretical openness of NSE and puts forward an extended core proposition incorporating preference evolution and institutional innovation, offering a theoretical vision for constructing an independent knowledge system of spatial economics with Chinese characteristics.

Promoting regional linkage development and unleashing the strategic superposition effect are critical measures for optimizing the spatial layout of the economy and achieving new breakthroughs in Chinese modernization during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. This study systematically reviews the evolution of China's regional strategic system through four stages: balanced spatial allocation, factor polarization, comprehensive regional coordination, and strategic superposition, and assesses the effectiveness of this evolving system in promoting regional linkage development. On this basis, it elaborates the theoretical mechanism of the regional strategic superposition effect from both spatial and institutional dimensions, and identifies a three-dimensional linkage framework—namely, vertical (central-local), horizontal (interregional), and internal-external (domestic-international) linkage—as the key pathway to activating the superposition effect. In response to the obstacles of the selectivity, adversarial competition, and bias that hamper regional linkage, a four-dimensional spatial strategy transformation framework is constructed, comprising efficacy-oriented territorial governance, mutually beneficial cooperation, harmonious coordination, and sustainability. This study further puts forward implementation pathways centering on the "three belts and two areas" framework, the orderly allocation of new quality productive forces, and the core tasks of regional linkage development. This study provides a reference for building a territorial spatial system characterized by complementary advantages and high-quality development.

From the perspective of the competition network of global crude oil import, this paper analyzes the evolution characteristics of the competition pattern of global crude oil import from 2005 to 2022, and systematically explores the competition situation of China's crude oil import from the perspectives of importing country and exporting country. The results show that: 1) Through the lens of the evolving global competitive landscape of crude oil imports, the global crude oil import competition has become increasingly intense and the competitive relationship has become tighter. Importantly, the leading effect of the competitive network shows a clear concentration, with 50% of competitive intensity coming from just 5.01% to 5.80% of competitive relationships. The Eurasian continent has gradually become the primary arena for this competition. Specifically, China is surpassing the United States as the central player. As for India, it represents a secondary core and contributes to an "Asian dual-core" alongside China. 2) From the perspective of the importing country, the competitive intensity between China and India shows a trend of "starting low and rising high", while the intensities of Sino-US competition and Sino-Japan competition "rose first and then declined". Furthermore, the competitive intensities of China with eight countries, including South Korea and France, continued to rise. Among them, the competitive intensity between China and South Korea was relatively high, the competitive intensities of China with European countries increased earlier than that of China with Asian countries. China has only mild competition with 17 countries, including Germany, and virtually no competition with 101 countries. 3) From the perspective of the exporting country, the competitive intensities between China and the major importing countries regarding Saudi Arabia has remained consistently strong. Moreover, the competitive intensities of China-Russia and China-Iraq started low but then has intensified, while it has declined with Iran. The competitive intensities between China and the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Angola, and Brazil has been continuously rising. There is basically no competition between China and the major importing countries in the other 48 exporting countries. Finally, this paper puts forward the inspiration to China in order to provide theoretical guidance and practical inspiration for safeguarding China's energy and national security.

Comprehensive Land Consolidation (CLC) serves as a governance tool for alleviating human-land conflicts in rural areas and optimizing the spatial development patterns of national territory, it also acts as a vital vehicle through which the discipline of geography contributes to major national strategies. Against the backdrop of global rural decline becoming a common governance challenge and China's rural revitalization entering a phase of comprehensive deepening, CLC has evolved from a singular resource transformation project into a systemic spatial governance initiative. Consequently, there is an urgent need to refine its existing theoretical framework through the lens of geography. This study traces the evolutionary trajectory of land consolidation in China and its disciplinary support, and analyzes the disciplinary advantages of geography, including its comprehensiveness, regionality, systematicness, spatiotemporal coupling, and technology empowerment. It explores the inherent compatibility between the practical demands of CLC and constructs a key research agenda framework of "theoretical paradigm anchoring, spatial baseline characterization, spatiotemporal law analysis, mode mechanism, analysis evolutionary simulation prediction and practical application optimization". Furthermore, this study reconstructs the theoretical connotations and characteristics of CLC from a geographical perspective. It elucidates the importance of geography in integrating multidisciplinary knowledge, develops an advantage-driven theoretical framework for comprehensive land consolidation, and provides a reference for addressing homogenization, fragmented governance, and piecemeal implementation in practice. Future research should continue to deepen inquiries into the localization of CLC theory, the mechanisms of human-land system transformation, full-lifecycle intelligent management and control, and institutional innovation, in order to further bolster the scientific foundations for the modernization of rural territorial spatial governance.

Understanding the relationship between accessibility and travel satisfaction on the Qingzang Plateau can inform regional transport planning that prioritizes residents' satisfaction. Using machine learning methods to identify the association patterns and key thresholds of accessibility with travel satisfaction in Qingzang Plateau has important implications for formulating 'people-satisfying' transportation planning and construction. Based on the travel satisfaction questionnaire survey of Qingzang Plateau residents conducted during the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research, this study employs the LightGBM machine learning algorithm and SHAP interpreter to explore the association intensity, direction, and key thresholds of multiple types of accessibility with residents' travel satisfaction. Results show: 1)Overall travel satisfaction, perceived accessibility, and travel environment evaluation of Qingzang Plateau residents are relatively high. Perceived accessibility, spatial accessibility, and travel environment all show significant associations with travel satisfaction, with perceived accessibility showing stronger associations than spatial accessibility. Public transportation convenience and travel comfort are the most important factors associated with travel satisfaction. 2)Perceived accessibility and travel environment show overall positive correlations with travel satisfaction, with travel satisfaction increasing as related evaluations improve. 3)The association between spatial accessibility and travel satisfaction exhibits threshold effects, with key thresholds to various living facilities of approximately 1 hour, beyond which negative associations emerge. This study provides decision-making basis for accessibility target setting in Qingzang Plateau transportation infrastructure planning from the perspective of travel satisfaction, suggesting that the transportation development strategy should appropriately shift from transportation infrastructure expansion to service improvement.

Based on the investment data from the top 100 enterprises in nine strategic emerging sectors, including new energy, new materials, and intelligent manufacturing, this paper employs social network analysis, coupling coordination analysis, and geospatial analysis to investigate the matching between hierarchical status and network status in China's urban system from the perspective of new quality productive forces, and proposes corresponding optimization strategies. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) New quality productive forces are progressively emerging as a significant driver in optimizing and reshaping China's urban system. The network of new quality productive forces exhibits a "diamond" structure, but it has not stable and strong connections. 2) China's urban system displays a pronounced pyramid structure with a strong Matthew effect. Beijing demonstrates outstanding comprehensive centrality. Most cities in central, western, and northeastern regions fall within the "long tail" interval. Meanwhile, cities such as Hefei and Ningde are rising due to their innovation capabilities, and the logic of urban competition is shifting toward innovation and industrial ecosystems. 3) The development of new quality productive forces faces the structural problems characterized by "general imbalance and high differentiation". Only seven cities achieve coordination between hierarchical status and network status in China's urban system, with a spatial pattern skewed heavily toward the eastern region. A prominent mismatch persists between hierarchical status and network status in China's urban system. However, some cities have achieved "hierarchical breakthrough" through specialized advantages, driving the evolution of urban system from an administrative hierarchy toward a functional network. 4) Finally, optimization strategies are proposed from three perspectives: regional coordination, differentiated development, and network connectivity.

Residents' transportation travel is an important source of carbon emissions in the transportation sector, and analyzing its spatial characteristics and influencing factors is the foundation for achieving low-carbon development in metropolitan areas. Based on spatiotemporal big data of residents' travel, this paper improves the carbon emission calculation model to estimate multi-dimensional travel carbon emissions, and uses multiple regression models to explore the correlation characteristics and spatial heterogeneity between metropolitan spatial elements and travel carbon emissions. The results show that: 1) At the current stage,residents' travel in the Wuhan Metropolitan Area (WMA for short) is dominated by non-commuting travel,with highway travel as the main mode. The spatial distribution patterns of carbon emissions from commuting and non-commuting travels are consistent. 2) Total travel carbon emissions exhibit a spatial pattern of "strong-core radiation plus multi-point agglomeration", whereas per capita travel carbon emissions display the distribution characteristics which are "low in the center of WMA, high in peripheral areas of WMA plus zonal connectivity". This pattern reveals a spatial mismatch—a "high-low misallocation"—between total and per capita carbon emissions. 3) Further analysis indicates that spatial factors such as land use and transportation systems have strong explanatory power for total carbon emissions but relatively weak explanatory power for per capita carbon emissions. The direction and intensity of the correlation between factors such as the proportion of industrial land and the number of transport facilities and per capita travel carbon emissions show significant spatial heterogeneity, with particularly prominent differences between the core city and the less-developed peripheral areas of the metropolitan area. Based on the above,this paper proposes differentiated optimization recommendations to provide constructive guidance for the sustainable development of the Wuhan Metropolitan Area.

Focusing on the collaborative governance problem of the "energy-carbon-pollution" composite system in Chinese cities, this paper constructs a multidimensional adaptability evaluation framework encompassing resource efficiency, environmental resilience and low-carbon transition. Using the Dagum Gini coefficient, convergence analysis, and geographically weighted regression, it systematically assesses the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics and driving mechanisms of the adaptive capacity of China's urban "energy-carbon-pollution" system. The findings are as follows: 1) From 2013 to 2016, the adaptive capacity of China's urban "energy-carbon-pollution" system showed a steady upward trend. From 2017 to 2023, cities in central and western regions made significant progress, narrowing the gap with eastern regions. 2) The adaptive capacity of China's urban "energy-carbon-pollution" system exhibits significant positive spatial autocorrelation, yet the spatial agglomeration pattern has undergone notable changes. In 2023, the high-high (H-H) agglomeration in the southeast coastal areas weakened, while some cities in Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang emerged as new high-value agglomeration areas. Cities such as Chengde and Tangshan in Hebei continued to exhibit low-high (L-H) agglomeration. 3) Regional disparities in the system adaptability show a fluctuating pattern of first narrowing and then widening, with a general convergence trend. The convergence rates are 0.0393, 0.0550 and 0.0317, respectively. 4) Driver mechanism analysis indicates that government intervention, urbanization, and industrial structure advancement exert positive effects on system adaptability, with their influence intensity declining from north to south. In contrast, financial development and market scale show negative impacts, also weakening from the north of research area to the south of research area. The negative influence of fiscal revenue-expenditure imbalance displays a spatial gradient of decreasing intensity from the east of research area to the west of research area.

Synergistic governance is an inevitable choice for achieving coordinated regional development. The ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin has risen to a national strategy, urgently requiring the achievement of high-quality economic development through synergistic enhancement of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation, as well as inter-city synergistic governance. Therefore, this study constructs a synergistic governance network for pollution reduction and carbon mitigation, explores the characteristics and existing problems of inter-city synergistic governance relationships, and employs dynamic fsQCA methodology to analyze the configurational pathways through which policy support, economic characteristics, and technological level factors influence inter-city synergistic governance relationships. The findings reveal that: 1) Inter-city synergistic governance relationships are gradually becoming closer, but the overall network remains loose and inefficient, with evident spatial hierarchical structures where a few cities in the middle and lower reaches of research area play core roles in the network, indicating unbalanced regional development. 2) Two typical types of strengthened synergistic governance relationships exist: the "economy-technology dual-driven" type and the "policy-economy-technology hybrid-driven" type. 3) Each configurational pathway for enhancing synergistic governance relationships includes both high economic characteristics and high technological level, while low levels of openness and digitalization are identified as core factors contributing to weaker synergistic governance relationships among some cities. 4) Both types of configurational pathways maintain strong stability after 2015 and perform better in non-resource-based cities, while the "economy-technology dual-driven" type shows a pattern of upstream cities>midstream cities>downstream cities, and the "policy-economy-technology hybrid-driven" type exhibits a pattern of upstream cities>downstream cities>midstream cities.

Based on the panel data from 285 prefecture level and above cities in China from 2011 to 2023, this paper constructs a spatial correlation network of urban digital finance and measures the digital finance network centrality of each city. On this basis, it employs the methods of two-way fixed-effects model, mediation effect, threshold effect, and spatial econometric model to examine the impact of digital finance network centrality on urban carbon productivity and its underlying mechanisms from multiple perspectives. The results show that: 1) The improvement of digital finance network centrality significantly improves urban carbon productivity, and this conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests. 2) The impact of digital finance network centrality on urban carbon productivity is mainly realized through stimulating technological innovation, optimizing industrial structure, and promoting economic agglomeration. 3) The promoting effects of digital finance network centrality on the improvement of carbon productivity exhibits significant temporal and regional heterogeneity. 4) The threshold effect test indicates that energy use efficiency and the degree of environmental constraints play moderating roles in the impact of digital finance network centrality on urban carbon productivity. 5) Spatial effect analysis shows that the improvement of digital finance network centrality can promote urban carbon productivity in both local and neighboring regions.

Based on the conceptual model framework of the network space system, this paper analyzes the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the whole-vehicle trade network space system of global new energy vehicle using the identification methods of pivots, corridors, and communities from 2017 to 2023. The results show that: 1) The whole-vehicle trade network of global new energy vehicle shows a trend of multi-polarization, regionalization and synergy, with increasingly close trade linkages among nodes and enhanced small-world characteristics. 2) In terms of cyberspace system, the pivots show the evolution characteristics of "stable but competitive top-level clubs, certain fluctuations in medium-level countries, and high mobility in low-level countries". The key corridors have expanded globally, forming a multi-polar corridor system, with increased but relatively limited participation in southern countries. The community structure has changed from regional closure to global opening, forming a complementary linkage pattern with Europe-America-Asia as the core and emerging communities as the supplement. 3) The overall resilience of the trade network is enhanced, and the failure impact of pivots and key corridors on the network remains within a certain range, with the influencing degree tending to decline over time. 4) Network evolution is not driven by a single force; rather, it results from the combined effects of demand foundations, resource endowments, innovation capacity, and regional institutions, and the roles of these factors across different dimensions are not symmetrical.

Drawing on the collaborative patent data of strategic emerging industries in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration, the Urban Agglomeration of the Yangtze River Delta, the Urban Agglomeration of the Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration, and the Urban Agglomeration of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2009 to 2021, this study employs the social network analysis to compare the evolutionary characteristics of collaborative innovation networks in strategic emerging fields of five urban agglomerations and investigates their driving mechanisms from the perspective of technological relatedness. The findings indicate that: 1) The cohesiveness of innovation network nodes in strategic emerging industries of five urban agglomerations has strengthened over the study period. 2) Intra-agglomeration and local collaboration have become more intensive, with spatial distribution showing a trend toward equilibrium within urban agglomerations but lagging at the periphery. Inter-agglomeration collaboration has expanded in scale, displaying coastal concentration alongside peripheral hollowing-out, and cooperation among urban agglomerations has become dominant. Internal coordination follows a pattern of stronger cities leading weaker ones, whereas external linkages take the form of alliances among strong cities, and the gravity center of collaboration has shifted from within agglomerations to beyond them. 3) The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration, the Urban Agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta, and the Urban Agglomeration of the Pearl River Delta are comparatively mature and have formed collaboration modes driven primarily by market actors, whereas the Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration and the Urban Agglomeration of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River compensate for shortfalls in innovation capability through industry-university-research collaboration. 4) Differentiated pattern of technological division of labor constitutes the principal mechanism driving improvements in intra-agglomeration collaborative innovation. The internal innovation structure exhibits a threshold effect, a monocentric structure alleviates technological competition by extending the spatial scope of technological collaboration, whereas once the structure becomes polycentric, similar technological division patterns are more conducive to deepening collaboration.

Based on the input-output tables of 42 industries in 31 provincial-level regions, and on the basis of proposing an analytical framework for local production networks, this paper quantifies the structural characteristics and functional attributes of different fields of six major future industries in industrial interconnection, and identifies the key industry levers and local comparative advantages for developing future industries. It's found that: 1) There are significant differences in the "structure-function" relationships across the six future industries. Future energy, materials, and space industries tend to spontaneously generate highly inward-oriented industrial clusters, thereby driving the development of related industries, whereas future manufacturing, information, and health industries mainly play the role of bridging different upstream and downstream industries and empowering them in the industrial chain. 2) The degree of upstream collaboration between provincial-level regions and future industries exhibits a spatial pattern, which is higher value in the eastern region, and lower value in the western region. Substantial disparities exist between eastern and western regions in terms of comparative advantages and endowment conditions for developing future industries, which may exacerbate regional development imbalances. The regional comparative advantage in developing future industries largely depends on the degree of alignment between the existing industrial structure and the future industrial structure. 3) The development of future industries generally relies on infrastructure and supporting services, largely due to the critical support provided by foundational sectors such as logistics, finance, and business services. Accordingly, the development of future industries should be integrated with local advantageous industries to activate and strengthen industrial chains.

Based on the panel data of 284 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2006 to 2021, this study examines the spatio-temporal evolution and convergence of resource mismatch by the means of Kernel density estimation, Markov chains, and β-convergence models. It further treats the supportive policy of resource-exhausted city as a quasi-natural experiment and adopts a spatial Durbin difference-in-differences model to assess the impact of supportive policy on resource mismatch. The results show that: 1) The resource mismatch in the whole country and cities shows a shrinking trend, with club convergence characteristics, and the probability of improvement in adjacent years is higher than the probability of deterioration. Spatial factors are able to change the transfer probability of resource mismatch. The ultimate state shows a concentration of low values, it is more optimistic in the future situation. 2) Supportive policy has a significant alleviating effect on resource mismatch in pilot cities and neighboring regions. The spatial spillover effects of the supportive policy exhibit a gradual attenuation as geographical distance increases, reaching a threshold of diminishing returns at approximately 1000 km. 3) Supportive policy markedly reduces capital and labor distortions in pilot cities and neighboring regions. The direct effects and spatial spillover effects of the supportive policy on resource mismatch exhibit differences on either side of the Hu Huanyong Line. Supportive policy acts as a catalyst for accelerating the β-convergence rate of resource mismatch in pilot cities. The conclusions of this study provide theoretical and practical bases for differentiated solutions to the resource mismatch problem, and giving full play to the dynamic role of supportive policy.

This paper constructs an indicator system of the integration level of technological-industrial innovation including four subsystems which are integration foundation, integration key, integration pathway, and integration effectiveness, and examines its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and key influencing factors in 30 provincial-level regions of China. The findings are as follows: 1) The integration level of technological-industrial innovation exhibited an overall pattern in which "steady improvement" coexisted with "spatial imbalance". 2) Spatiotemporal analysis reveals that the dispersion degree of the integration level of technological-industrial innovation has intensified, with distinct dynamic evolution characteristics across regions. Regional imbalance has worsened during the integration process, and interregional development gaps constitute the core contradiction constraining deep integration. The integration level of technological-industrial innovation exhibited strong spatial correlation, presenting a clustering pattern of "integration-leading zones" and "integration-lagging zones". 3) Analysis of influencing factors indicates that the three subsystems (integration path, integration efficacy, and integration key) are the critical links affecting the integration process. The regression model estimation results verify the validity of the integration mechanism framework. The conclusions provide policy implications for enhancing the integration level of technological-industrial innovation.

Based on the "nature-society-economy" complex ecosystem and the "pressure-state-response" model, this paper constructs an evaluation index system of China's food security system transformation, and uses the methods of the coupling coordination degree model, equilibrium entropy, and obstacle degree to analyze the changing characteristics, coupling coordination characteristics and obstacle factors of food security system transformation in China and 31 provincial-level regions. The results show that: 1) During the study period, the indexes of the pressure subsystem of China's food security system transformation show two-stage changes, the indexes of the state subsystem show an increase, while the indexes of the response subsystem show a continuous upward trend, with an overall increase of 93.65% over the 24 years. 2) The mode of China's food security system transformation from 2000 to 2023 can be divided into dysfunctional decay mode and mutual antagonism mode. At provincial level, the food security system transformation exhibited three modes from the east of China to the west of China in 2000: low-level coordination, dysfunctional decay mode and mutual antagonism mode. While in 2008 and 2016, it showed two modes: dysfunctional decay mode and mutual antagonism mode. In 2023, 31 provincial-level regions showed the dysfunctional decay mode. 3) In the process of food security system transformation at the provincial level, each subsystem has initially formed a coupling and mutual feeding state. The provincial-level regions with high level coordination and advantageous pattern are mainly located in the eastern and central regions, while the provincial-level regions with low level and no coordination advantage were mainly located in the western region. 4) The obstacle degree analysis indicates that road density and per-household grain-sown area jointly hinder the food security system transformation in the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions of China. Agricultural mechanization is a common constraining factor in the eastern, central and western regions. Effective irrigation area ranks as the fifth obstacle factor in the eastern and northeastern region and the third obstacle factor in the western regions. Water resource occupancy per unit cultivated land area and the drought-flood guarantee yield rate rank as the second obstacle factor and third obstacle factor, respectively, in the central and northeastern regions. Per capita cultivated land area and the proportion of grain crops contribute obstacle degrees of 7.81% and 6.59% in the eastern and western regions, respectively.

Based on the panel data of 25 provincial-level regions in China from 2012 to 2022, this article analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the rural household income structure and the tourism consumption, and applies the two-way fixed-effects model to test the impact effects and evolution mechanism of the rural household income structure on the tourism consumption. It's found that: 1) The income of rural households from different sources in China has continued to grow, and the income structure has gradually optimized. The tourism consumption expenditure has fluctuated upward, showing a decreasing distribution pattern from the eastern region to the western region. 2) The impact degree of the rural household income structure on the tourism consumption is ranked as follows: wage income>operating income>transfer income>property income. 3) The income growth share component and the income structure deviation component have positive impacts on the tourism consumption in regions characterized by the high-speed income growth, competitive advantage promotion and structural advantage promotion, and negative impacts in regions characterized by delayed income growth, while the income competition share component has not fully played its role.

Taking Jinya Town in Yuzhong County, located in the Loess Hilly Region of Central Gansu, as the research area, and based on questionnaire data and mobile phone signaling data, this paper employs the social network analysis (SNA) to examine the evolution of rural social space and utilizes the standard deviational ellipse and the "core-periphery" structure to analyze its evolutionary characteristics. Furthermore, it analyzes the impact of rural social space evolution on the development of rural markets and its underlying mechanism. The findings are as follows: 1) The development and evolution of rural social space in Jinya Town have mainly gone three periods: collectivization period, urbanization period, and informationization period. With the continuous advancement of urbanization and the rapid development of rural informatization, the rural social space continues to expand. 2) The gravity center of the standard deviation ellipse has continued to move toward the southeast, the difference between the major axis and the minor axis has decreased, and the ellipse shape has become increasingly circular, indicating that the connections between Jinya Town and other parts of the country have become more balanced. 3) With the evolution of the development stage of rural society, some villages in Jinya Town have gradually changed from marginal and core areas to semi-core areas, and the "core-periphery" structure of rural social networks has gradually moved from a state of polarization toward equilibrium. 4) The evolution of rural social space has a significant impact on the development of rural markets. With the continuous expansion of rural social space, the economic, social and cultural functions of rural markets have gradually weakened, and their status in rural society has decreased significantly.

Based on field survey data from 421 administrative villages in old revolutionary base areas across 28 provincial-level regions of China in 2021, this study constructs the evaluation systems for digital economy development and farmers' income, employs a spatial interaction model to systematically explore the impact effects of the digital economy on farmers' income in revolutionary old areas and its spatial spillover mechanisms, and applies a mediation effect model to identify the transmission paths between the two. The findings are as follows: 1) The development of the digital economy significantly enhances the per capita disposable income of farmers in old revolutionary base areas. The construction of e-commerce service stations, mobile communication network coverage, and internet penetration all substantially promote income growth. Meanwhile, it optimizes the income structure, increases the proportion of operating income, and promotes the diversification of income sources. 2) The development of the digital economy generates significant spatial spillover effects. Its income-enhancing effects diffuse to neighboring villages through agglomeration effects, supply chain effects, information spillover effects, and entrepreneurship effects, exhibiting pronounced spatial correlation characteristics. 3) Human capital accumulation and industrial structure optimization constitute critical transmission pathways through which digital economy affects farmer income, forming a progressive impact chain of "human capital enhancement, industrial structure optimization, income level improvement". 4) The income-enhancing effect of the digital economy are more pronounced in eastern regions, plain areas, non-poverty villages, demonstration villages, and tourism-oriented villages. To promote the synergistic development of digital economy and farmers' income growth in old revolutionary base areas, it is necessary to accelerate the digital infrastructure construction and leverage radiation effects of the digital economy, strengthen human capital cultivation and advance industrial structural upgrading, and implement differentiated digital economy strategies to facilitate comprehensive rural revitalization in old revolutionary base areas.

Based on the sustainable livelihood framework, this paper analyzes the impact mechanism of comprehensive land consolidation on the transformation of smallholders' livelihood strategies. Taking six administrative villages in Xiantao, Qianjiang, Jingzhou, and Jingmen of Hubei Province as research subjects, it employs the methods of difference-in-differences model and mechanism effect model to reveal the effects of comprehensive land consolidation on the transformation of smallholders' livelihood strategies, which provides decision-making references for ensuring the security and quality of smallholders' livelihoods and enhancing their sustainable livelihood capabilities. Research findings show that: 1) Comprehensive land consolidation directly promotes the transformation of smallholders' livelihood strategies to specialization, diversification and non-agriculturalization by rebuilding the spaces of production, life and ecology. Moreover, the policy effect presents significant nonlinear characteristics and can only produce marginal effects after breaking through specific quantile thresholds. 2) The livelihood capital of smallholders plays an intermediary role in policy transmission. Comprehensive land consolidation significantly enhances the effect of social capital on specialization and activates the boosting effect of financial capital on diversification and non-agriculturalization. 3) Under the differentiation conditions, the policy effect shows significant differences in landform, income level and agricultural dependence. The policy effect in plain areas is better than that in hilly areas. High-income smallholders have more advantages in specialization and non-agriculturalization, and low-income smallholders have a stronger diversification effect. Smallholders with high agricultural dependence show advantages in specialization and diversification, while smallholders with low agricultural dependence perform better in non-agriculturalization. Therefore, comprehensive land consolidation should uphold a people-centered livelihood philosophy, and through measures such as implementing precise governance strategies according to local conditions, building a differentiated support system for various groups, promote the transformation of smallholder livelihoods from a "survival-oriented" to a "development-oriented" model, facilitating the upgrading of smallholders from vulnerability to resilience.

Promoting the tourism high-quality development is an important pathway to achieving common prosperity and advancing Chinese modernization. Based on the theory of high-quality development, this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system of the tourism high-quality development and employs the methods of variation coefficient, Theil index, scale variance decomposition, and geographic detector to systematically examine the spatiotemporal evolution, regional disparities, and spatial differentiation mechanisms of the tourism high-quality development in China from 2010 to 2024. The results show that: 1) The overall level of the tourism high-quality development exhibits a fluctuating upward trend, with green development remaining at a relatively high level and open development improving most markedly. Overall regional disparities tend to converge, though interprovincial differences have widened. 2) The level of tourism high-quality development displays significant differentiation and scale effects. At the regional level, it shows the gradient distribution characteristics of high values in the east of China and low values in the west of China. At the provincial level, the spatial pattern evolves from "high values in the east of China and low values in the west of China" to "high values in the south of China and low values in the north of China" and shows the characteristics of stepped and clustered distribution. At the prefectural level, the pattern evolves from point-like dispersion to axis-belt agglomeration. Scale variance shows a hierarchical descending structure of "dominance at the prefectural level, followed by provincial and regional levels", reflecting a spatial evolution trend of macro-level stabilization and micro-level differentiation. 3) The spatial agglomeration of the level of tourism high-quality development shows a fluctuating but overall weakening trend. Hot spots remain stably concentrated in the eastern coastal areas, whereas cold spots shift and diffuse from the northwest of China toward the northeast of China. 4) Tourism innovation, industrial development, transport conditions, ecological governance, and information dissemination are important factors influencing spatial differentiation. The dominant factors and their effects vary significantly across spatial scales, while factor interactions generally exhibit either bivariate enhancement or nonlinear enhancement. This study deepens the understanding of the spatial differentiation and formation mechanisms of the tourism high-quality development in China and provides a scientific reference for advancing differentiated and region-specific high-quality development.

The imbalanced and insufficient development of rural tourism has become a major constraint on meeting the growing public demand for rural leisure and recreation in China. Taking the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA) as the research area, this paper analyzes the conceptual connotations and dimensions of rural tourism supply, constructs a county-level evaluation index system, employs an improved G1-CRITIC-TOPSIS model to measure the supply level of rural tourism, evaluates its balance and sufficiency, and classifies supply types. The results indicate that: 1) County-level rural tourism supply exhibits an imbalanced pattern characterized by multi-core agglomeration and gradient differentiation in the YRDUA, with high-level supply concentrated mainly in resource-rich southern Anhui and around major metropolitan areas in southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang, while low-level supply is continuously distributed across northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui. 2) County-level rural tourism supply shows significant spatial polarization and cross-regional interspersion, and regional imbalance is mainly driven by the overlapping distributions of county-level supply in different provinces and municipalities. 3) The spatial mismatch between rural tourism supply and demand is pronounced, as strong demand spillovers from core metropolitan areas cause insufficient supply in surrounding counties, whereas southern peripheral areas far from major tourist markets experience supply surpluses due to resource concentration. 4) County-level rural tourism supply can be categorized into four types in the YRDUA, namely balanced and sufficient, balanced but insufficient, sufficient but imbalanced, and imbalanced and insufficient. Different types of areas require tailored regulatory strategies.

Residents are the natural property owners of the cultural ecosystem in tourism-oriented traditional villages. Accurately understanding their willingness to accept cultural ecology compensation is significant for the construction of the cultural ecology compensation mechanism that realizes the sustainable development of culture and tourism. Taking four tourism-oriented traditional villages in Suzhou (Luxiang, Mingyuewan, Dongcun and Yangwan villages) as case studies, this study employs the contingent valuation method to measure residents' willingness to accept cultural ecology compensation. It also adopts methods such as potential conflict index and regression analysis to explore residents' compensation preferences and its influencing factors. The results show that: 1) Residents in the case study areas demonstrate a strong willingness to accept cultural ecology compensation, with an average minimum compensation level of 2080.04 yuan, and expects the government to establish a unified compensation standard, and tourism development enterprises and village committees to serve as the main compensation entities for annual compensation. 2) Residents generally agree with the high value of rural cultural ecology and support cultural ecology protection and tourism development. Nevertheless, they remain concerned about potential cultural ecology degradation and negative impacts on daily life caused by tourism activities. 3) Residents' gender, year of birth, monthly income level, years of residence in the village and household location significantly affect their preferences regarding the compensation standard-setting entity, compensation timing, and the basis for calculating cash compensation. The findings contribute to deepening and expanding the research on tourism-oriented traditional villages and rural cultural ecology, providing theoretical and practical value for understanding and revealing the rural community residents' willingness to accept cultural ecology compensation with a view to establishing a long-term compensation mechanism, as well as promoting harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature in the pursuit of building livable, workable, and aesthetically pleasing villages.

Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt as a case study, this paper constructs an intercity tourism flow network based on large-scale user-generated travelogue data. Using the method of complex network analysis, it reveals the multidimensional structure of this network, including global topological properties and motif structures. Furthermore, the weighted exponential random graph model (ERGM) is introduced to identify the endogenous and exogenous mechanisms driving network formation. The findings are as follows: 1) The intercity tourist flow network in the Yangtze River Economic Belt exhibits properties of a scale-free network and a small-world network, characterized by disassortativity and relatively high density. 2) This network contains five types of 3-node motifs and fifty-nine types of 4-node motifs. These 3-node motifs represent five distinct tourist travel patterns: the fully connected triad pattern, the upward interactive dyad pattern, the downward interactive dyad pattern, the three-node chain pattern, and the downward interactive dyad chain pattern. 3) This network structure is jointly influenced by both endogenous and exogenous mechanisms. Endogenously, reciprocity has a significant positive impact on intercity tourist flows. Among exogenous mechanisms, factors such as tourism resource endowment, tourism reception capacity, per capita GDP, highway traffic flow, and residents' education level all have significant positive effects on intercity tourist flows, whereas spatial distance and cultural distance exert negative influences.