人才跨国流动的动力与影响研究评述
马海涛(1979—),男,山东滕州人,副研究员,硕士生导师。主要研究方向为城市网络与创新。E-mail:maht@igsnrr.ac.cn。 |
收稿日期: 2018-01-02
修回日期: 2018-04-05
网络出版日期: 2025-04-27
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41571151)
国家自然科学基金项目(41201128)
国家自然科学基金项目(41590842)
Literature Review on the Impetus and Influence of Transnational Mobility of Talents
Received date: 2018-01-02
Revised date: 2018-04-05
Online published: 2025-04-27
全球化进入到知识经济时代,国家间的人才竞争逐渐升级,高端人才的跨国流动愈加频繁。结合人才跨国流动的历史进程和发展形势,采用文献综述的方法,对人才跨国流动的模式及其动力和影响进行了系统梳理。研究认为:①人才跨国流动是随着全球化进程不断发展的过程,存在不同的阶段和类型,人才流失、人才流入、人才回流和人才环流四种形式可以很好地理解人才跨国流动的过程和阶段特征;②每一种人才跨国流动形式都存在推力和/或拉力,不能将人才流出和流入归结为国家和个人单方面的原因,国家力量和个人动机相互影响共同作用于人才跨国流动;③需要从正反两个方面理解人才跨国流动带来的影响,既有促进创新联系的有利影响,也有带来社会冲突的不利影响,应强化有利影响,回避不利影响;④人才跨国流动应成为新时期我国人才地理学研究的重点方向,以服务于国家海外人才引进战略的制定和实施,服务于创新型国家的建设。
马海涛 , 张芳芳 . 人才跨国流动的动力与影响研究评述[J]. 经济地理, 2019 , 39(2) : 40 -47 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2019.02.005
In the era of knowledge economy, the transnational mobility of highly skilled labor has been strengthened, and the talent competition among countries has been gradually upgraded. Based on the historical process and development situation of the transnational mobility of talents, this article combed the domestic and international literatures on the model, impetus and influence of the transnational mobility of talents. The results are as follows:1) The transnational mobility of talents is the process along with the continuous development of globalization, and has different stages and patterns. The four forms of brain drain, brain gain, reverse brain drain and brain circulation can be helpful in very well understanding the process and the stage characteristics of transnational mobility of talents. 2) There is a thrust and / or pull force for each form of transnational mobility of talents, and the interaction between national power and individual motivation acts on the transnational mobility of talents. 3) The impact of transnational mobility of talents comes from the positive and negative aspects which are promoting the innovation connection and bringing the social conflicts, so it should strengthen the favorable impact and avoid adverse effects. 4) The transnational mobility of talents should be the key direction of research on the talent geography in China, and it serves the formulation and implementation of national strategy for overseas talent introduction.
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