吉林省人口年龄结构变化对区域经济影响研究
谷国锋(1966—),男,吉林农安人,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向为区域经济增长与可持续发展。E-mail:gugf@nenu.edu.cn。 |
收稿日期: 2018-04-23
修回日期: 2018-08-20
网络出版日期: 2025-04-25
基金资助
国家社会科学基金一般项目(16BJL032)
The Impact of Population Age Structure Change on Regional Economy
Received date: 2018-04-23
Revised date: 2018-08-20
Online published: 2025-04-25
谷国锋 , 吴英哲 . 吉林省人口年龄结构变化对区域经济影响研究[J]. 经济地理, 2019 , 39(1) : 47 -55 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2019.01.006
Population fertility policy is one of the important factors leading to changes in the age structure of the population in the region and has a strong lag. It strongly implements the family planning policy in Jilin Province, which has a significant effect on the suppression of population growth, but it also makes its age structure problem more prominent than other provinces. Based on the ESDA analysis method, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial characteristics of the age structure of 47 administrative units in Jilin Province from 2005 to 2015. The results show that, since 2005, the proportion of juvenile in Jilin Province has continuously shrunk, and the concentration of working-age population has weakened. The attractiveness of core cities to the working-age has decreased, and the proportion of the elderly in the province has continuously increased with the acceleration of aging process. This paper analyzes the influence of age structure change on regional economy by the method of the spatial econometric model, SLX model and SDM model. The results of the measurement analysis show that: Currently, the increase of the birth rate and the proportion of juvenile will enhance the economic growth. In the short term, the increase in the proportion of the elderly have a positive effect on the regional economy, while the increase in mortality rate will have a negative effect on the economic growth, but the degree of impact is small.
表1 吉林省人口年龄结构变动Tab.1 Population age structure change in Jilin Province |
年份 | 0~17岁人口 | 18~60岁人口 | 60岁以上人口 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量/万人 | 占比/% | 数量/万人 | 占比/% | 数量/万人 | 占比/% | |||
2005 | 520.43 | 19.496 | 1 833.72 | 68.695 | 315.22 | 11.809 | ||
2006 | 509.39 | 19.011 | 1 849.20 | 69.013 | 320.91 | 11.976 | ||
2007 | 495.22 | 18.368 | 1 864.83 | 69.169 | 336.00 | 12.463 | ||
2008 | 480.11 | 17.713 | 1 885.26 | 69.552 | 345.19 | 12.735 | ||
2009 | 473.17 | 17.399 | 1 883.04 | 69.243 | 363.26 | 13.358 | ||
2010 | 469.45 | 17.235 | 1 878.42 | 68.963 | 375.94 | 13.802 | ||
2011 | 460.24 | 16.880 | 1 872.41 | 68.673 | 393.89 | 14.447 | ||
2012 | 456.93 | 16.914 | 1 839.20 | 68.081 | 405.37 | 15.005 | ||
2013 | 404.57 | 15.104 | 1 830.44 | 68.337 | 443.52 | 16.558 | ||
2014 | 398.72 | 14.926 | 1 803.00 | 67.495 | 469.58 | 17.579 | ||
2015 | 392.08 | 14.728 | 1 770.61 | 66.512 | 499.39 | 18.759 |
表2 2005—2015年吉林省适龄劳动人口全局Moran指数及其检验Tab.2 Moran’s index and its test of the working-agein Jilin Province from 2005 to 2015 |
时间 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moran’s I | 0.134 | 0.124 | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.127 | 0.122 | 0.137 | 0.140 | 0.141 |
P值 | 0.041 | 0.054 | 0.058 | 0.061 | 0.043 | 0.048 | 0.048 | 0.056 | 0.064 | 0.042 | 0.045 | 0.045 |
图4 吉林省2005和2008年适龄劳动人口Moran散点空间分布图Fig.4 Spatial distribution of Moran dispersion for the working-age in Jilin Province in 2005 and 2008 |
表3 空间计量模型估计结果Tab.3 The estimation results of spatial econometric model |
邻接矩阵 | 地理距离 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OLS | SLM | SDM | SLM | SDM | ||
A | 0.0967*** | 0.1611*** | 0.1876*** | 0.1565*** | 0.1845*** | |
(3.8223) | (6.7105) | (7.4879) | (6.4269) | (7.5891) | ||
K | 0.8401*** | 0.8905*** | 0.8316*** | 0.9078*** | 0.8196*** | |
(24.4398) | (26.1988) | (23.2167) | (26.6756) | (23.4242) | ||
PY | 0.0260*** | 0.0271*** | 0.0109*** | 0.0292*** | 0.0071* | |
(6.7831) | (7.4708) | (2.8809) | (7.9756) | (1.8108) | ||
PO | 0.0140*** | 0.0344*** | 0.0271*** | 0.0367*** | 0.0198*** | |
(2.8332) | (6.0087) | (5.0146) | (6.3436) | (3.4985) | ||
b | 0.0147** | 0.0201*** | 0.0142** | 0.0234*** | 0.0112* | |
(2.4658) | (3.4042) | (2.3433) | (3.9517) | (1.8519) | ||
m | -0.0162*** | -0.0121*** | -0.0083*** | -0.0123*** | -0.0071** | |
(-5.1214) | (-3.4980) | (-2.6041) | (-3.4905) | (-2.2171) | ||
W·A | -0.1518*** | -0.1974*** | ||||
(-3.8058) | (-3.6249) | |||||
W·K | -0.2407*** | -0.0398 | ||||
(-3.3783) | (-0.3840) | |||||
W·PY | 0.0215*** | 0.0530*** | ||||
(3.4618) | (4.9844) | |||||
W·PO | 0.0039 | 0.0206 | ||||
(0.3670) | (1.3176) | |||||
W·b | 0.0187** | 0.0597*** | ||||
(2.1489) | (3.8290) | |||||
W·m | 0.0030 | 0.0102 | ||||
(0.4875) | (1.0820) | |||||
W·dep.var | 0.1466*** | 0.2835*** | 0.0917** | 0.1297* | ||
(4.2495) | (5.4900) | (2.0138) | (1.7732) | |||
R2 | 0.8009 | 0.8434 | 0.8730 | 0.8395 | 0.8710 | |
LOG-L | 18.0275 | 78.6815 | 128.8961 | 73.2753 | 129.4951 |
注:***、**、*分别表示在1%、5%与10%的显著性水平下显著;Log-L为对数似然值。 |
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