中国现存古楼的时空分布特征及影响因素
吴清(1983—),男,湖南涟源人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为遗产旅游与区域可持续发展。E-mail:wuqing913@126.com |
收稿日期: 2020-04-25
修回日期: 2020-10-27
网络出版日期: 2025-04-23
基金资助
广东省普通高校领域专项(2020ZDZX1010)
Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Existing Ancient Buildings in China
Received date: 2020-04-25
Revised date: 2020-10-27
Online published: 2025-04-23
运用ArcGIS空间分析软件,对中国现存1 195座古楼的时空分布特征及影响因素进行分析,研究发现:①中国古楼的发展变迁经历了起源、成长、成熟和繁荣四个阶段。②现存古楼的数量在元朝之前波动相对平稳,呈“M”型分布特征,元朝之后波动幅度较大,呈“∧”型分布特征;总体以清朝分布最多,约占52.47%。③在空间上现存古楼为集聚型分布,且差异显著,呈“条带状与团块状并存”分布格局,主要分布在河流汇集以及地势低缓的地区;其空间分布密度层次明显,具有多中心集群分布趋势,大致呈现“东密—西疏”的格局特征;其热点区和冷点区空间差异明显,在全国区域上表现出明显的“团块状”分布特征,总体为“东南热,西北冷”。④类型上,宗教文化类分布在文化历史悠久地区,军事防御类分布在重要关隘以及人类活动频繁的地区,观景类分布在河流湖泊多的地区,商业娱乐类分布在中原地区,报时警示类则多分布在华北华南地区。⑤建筑材料上,以砖木古楼分布最多,其空间分布与材料本身的取材和性能关联性很强。⑥具有文保级别的古楼主要以中原地区、东南沿海地区以及川滇地区为核心地区。⑦相关分析得出,社会发展水平、文化发展基础、人力资源条件、旅游发展水平和政府政策导向是影响中国现存古楼分布的主要因素。
吴清 , 何秋娴 . 中国现存古楼的时空分布特征及影响因素[J]. 经济地理, 2021 , 41(1) : 202 -211 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2021.01.023
Using ArcGIS software to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of 1195 existing ancient building in China, the research found that: 1) The development and change of ancient building in China experienced four stages: origin, growth, maturity and prosperity. 2) The number of existing ancient buildings fluctuated relatively stably before the Yuan Dynasty and presented the distribution characteristic of "M" type. After the Yuan Dynasty, the distribution characteristic of the existing ancient buildings was of a "∧"type. The Qing Dynasty had the largest distribution, accounting for 52.47%.3) From the perspective of space, the existing ancient buildings in China are agglomerated. The spatial difference is remarkable, and it is a pattern of "stripe and clump coexistence", and it is mainly distributed in rivers and low-lying areas; its spatial distribution density is obvious, and it has a multi-center cluster distribution trend, which is roughly dense in the east and sparse in the west; the spatial difference between the hot spot and the cold spot is significant, and it shows obvious "clustered" distribution characteristics in the whole country, and the overall is "southeast heat, northwest cold". 4) From the perspective of types, the ancient buildings of religious culture are distributed in areas with long cultural history; the type of military defenses are distributed in important passes and areas where human activities are frequent; the ancient building for viewing are distributed in areas with many rivers and lakes; the type of commercial entertainment are distributed in the Central Plains; the ancient building used for time warning are mostly distributed in North China and South China. 5) From the perspective of building materials, brick and wood ancient buildings are the most widely distributed. The spatial distribution is strongly related to the material's selection and performance. 6)The ancient buildings with the level of cultural relics protection mainly take the Central Plains area, southeast coastal area and Sichuan-Yunnan area as the core areas. 7)Relevant analysis concluded that, social development level, cultural development foundation, human resource conditions, tourism development level and government policy orientation are the main factors that affect the distribution of existing ancient buildings in China.
表1 中国现存古楼空间分布的影响因素相关性分析Tab.1 Correlation analysis of influencing factors on spatial distribution of existing ancient building in China |
影响 因素 | 指标/单位 | Pearson Correlation | Sig. (2-tailed) |
---|---|---|---|
社会发 展水平 | GDP/亿元 | 0.626** | 0.000 |
人均GDP/元 | 0.078 | 0.678 | |
城市建设用地面积/km2 | 0.553** | 0.001 | |
文化发 展基础 | 文化及相关产业占GDP比重/% | 0.413* | 0.021 |
文化及相关产业固定资产投资情况/万元 | 0.550** | 0.001 | |
文物业实际使用房屋建筑面积/万m2 | 0.649** | 0.000 | |
人力资 源条件 | 文物业从业人员/人 | 0.581** | 0.001 |
普通高等学校数/个 | 0.600** | 0.000 | |
旅游发 展水平 | 接待入境过夜游客人数/人 | 0.472** | 0.007 |
国际旅游外汇收入/百万美元 | 0.481** | 0.006 | |
政府政 策导向 | 本辖区保护点/处 | 0.495** | 0.005 |
文物保护支出/千元 | 0.493** | 0.005 | |
全国一般公共预算中的文物支出/亿元 | 0.555** | 0.001 |
说明:**、*分别表示在0.01,0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关。 |
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