中国镇域经济的空间分异格局及影响因素——基于31 755个乡镇的农民人均纯收入数据
丁志伟(1983—),男,河南荥阳人,博士,副教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向为城市—区域综合发展。E-mail:dingzhiwei1216@163.com。 |
收稿日期: 2020-01-16
修回日期: 2020-07-08
网络出版日期: 2025-04-22
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41701130)
2020年度河南省高校创新人才支持计划项目(20HASTIT017)
2020年度河南省哲学社会科学规划项目阶段性成果(2020BJJ018)
河南大学环境与规划国家级实验教学示范中心项目(2020HGSYJX008)
Spatial Differentiation Pattern and Its Influencing Factors of Town Economy in China:Based on 31 755 Towns' per Capita Net Income of Farmers
Received date: 2020-01-16
Revised date: 2020-07-08
Online published: 2025-04-22
基于农民人均纯收入指标,搜集2016年中国31 755个镇域研究单元的数据,运用变异系数、空间分类、空间插值、空间自相关等方法分析了中国镇域经济的空间格局,进而基于地理加权回归等方法探讨了其影响因素。研究表明:①从内部差异看,四大分区大小依次为东北>西部>东部>中部;省域层次呈现出西北省区最大,中部、东北部省份相对较大,东部沿海省区次之,西南部省区差异最小;市域层次高、较高值区呈现出“两个核心高水平集聚区+一个相对集中片区+斑点式散布”特征,较低、低值区连绵分布;县域层次的内部差异格局较市域层次进一步细化,高值区主要分布在西南地区。②从空间分布格局看,与已有研究结论类似但内部细化、破碎化特征明显。高、较高值区主要以江浙一带的核心城市和新疆、内蒙古沿边的城市较为突出,在中部地区零星分布;低值区在中部、西部、西南及东北地区连绵分布。分区层次看,四大分区的分布格局呈现出由东向西递减的趋势;省域层次高值区主要分布在东部沿海、沿边地区,低值区主要分布在甘、陕、云、贵、川5省,其余地区处于居中水平;市域、县域层次高值区在北部“新—内—黑”沿边分布、山东半岛—长三角沿海分布、沿京广线周围呈线状分布格局。③从空间关联格局来看存在明显空间集聚现象,其中显著LL区大范围分布在各省欠发达地区,显著HH区主要在东部沿海、沿江连绵分布,在北部零星分布。④基于GWR模型看,回归系数绝对值排名由大到小为建成区常住人口>高程>工业产值>二三产业从业人员>二三产业从业人员占比>人均工业产值>人口密度>建成区面积/行政区域面积,表明只有当镇域经济发展到一定阶段和水平,其与工业实力、乡村城镇化工业化水平才具有较好的解释关系。
丁志伟 , 刘盈盈 , 吴小妮 , 卫雅馨 , 乔晓凡 , 张浩鹏 , 张改素 . 中国镇域经济的空间分异格局及影响因素——基于31 755个乡镇的农民人均纯收入数据[J]. 经济地理, 2020 , 40(11) : 18 -28 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2020.11.003
Based on the per capita net income indicator of peasants and the data of 31 755 town research units in China which were collected in 2016,the spatial pattern of China's town scale economy was analyzed by using methods including coefficient of variation,spatial classification,spatial interpolation,and spatial autocorrelation,and influencing factors were analyzed by geographic weighted regression and other methods. The results were as follows. 1) From the perspective of internal differences,the four major economic partitions were in order Northeast >West > Eastern > Central; the provincial level pattern showed the northwestern provinces were largest,the central and northeast provinces were relatively larger,the eastern coastal provinces were common,and the southwest were very small. The highest-value and higher-value areas at the city level showed the characteristics of "two core high-level cluster areas + a relatively concentrated area + speckle distribution",and the lower- value and lowest- value areas were continuously distributed. The pattern of county level was further refined than the city level,and the highest-value areas were mainly distributed in the southwest at this level. 2) From spatial distribution pattern,it was similar to the existing research conclusions,but the internal refinement and fragmentation were obvious. The highest-value and higher-value areas were mainly prominent in the core cities of Jiangsu,Zhejiang and some cities around Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia and are scattered in the central region. The low-value areas were continuously distributed in Central China,West China,Southwest China,and Northeast China,the high-value areas showed a decreasing trend from east to west in four economic partitions. High-value areas of provincial level were mainly distributed in the eastern coastal and border areas,and lowest-value areas were mainly distributed in the five provinces of Gansu,Shaanxi,Yunnan,Guizhou,and Sichuan,with the remaining areas at a middle-value level. Highest-value areas at the city and county levels were distributed along the "Xinjiang-Inner Mongolia-Heilongjiang" border in the north,along the Shandong Peninsula-Yangtze River Delta coast,and along Beijing-Guangzhou Line. 3) From the spatial correlation pattern,there was obvious spatial agglomeration phenomenon at town scale. Among them,the significant LL areas were widely distributed in the less developed regions of the provinces,and the significant HH areas were mainly distributed along the eastern coast,along the Yangtze river,and scattered in the north. 4) From the GWR model,the absolute value of the regression coefficient was ranked from large to small by the resident population in the built-up area> altitude > industrial output value> employees in the secondary and tertiary industries> proportion of employees in the secondary and tertiary industries> per capita industrial output value> population density> built-up area ratio,which indicated that only when the township economy developed to a certain stage and level can it have a good explanation relationship with industrial strength and the level of rural urbanization and industrialization.
图7 基于8个变量的相关分析图注:以上相关系数在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关。 Fig.7 Correlation analysis results based on eight variables |
表1 基于8个变量的线性回归分析表Tab.1 Linear regression analysis results based on eight variables |
变量 | 人口 密度 | 建成区常 住人口 | 二三产业 从业人员 | 工业 产值 | 二三产业从业 人员/从业人员 | 建成区面积/行 政区域面积 | 人均工 业产值 | 高程 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
回归系数 | 0.117 | -0.031 | 0.148 | 0.104 | 0.075 | -0.071 | 0.043 | -0.235 |
表2 中国镇域经济GWR模型五分位观察表Tab.2 The quintile observation explanation of China's township economy by GWR model |
上四分位数 | 中位数 | 下四分位数 | 最大值 | 最小值 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 显著性水平 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
人口密度 | 0.0021 | 0.0156 | 0.6767 | 0.5249 | 0.0000 | 0.0410 | 0.0568 | ** |
人均工业产值 | 0.0079 | 0.0271 | 0.0690 | 0.5820 | 0.0000 | 0.0431 | 0.0485 | ** |
建成区面积比例 | 0.0023 | 0.0130 | 0.3945 | 0.3827 | 0.0000 | 0.0248 | 0.0314 | ** |
建成区常住人口 | 0.0037 | 0.0148 | 0.0430 | 0.9455 | 0.0000 | 0.3091 | 0.0448 | ** |
工业产值 | 0.0129 | 0.0323 | 0.0924 | 0.4992 | 0.0000 | 0.0532 | 0.0549 | ** |
高程 | 0.0037 | 0.0279 | 0.1050 | 0.8568 | 0.0000 | 0.0622 | 0.0827 | ** |
二三产业从业人员 | 0.0093 | 0.0279 | 0.0772 | 0.3650 | 0.0000 | 0.0479 | 0.0541 | ** |
二三产业从业人员占比 | 0.0037 | 0.0227 | 0.0831 | 0.6108 | 0.0000 | 0.0443 | 0.0538 | ** |
注:**为0.01显著性水平。 |
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