美国万亿基础设施重建计划分析
作者声明:本文中所有数据,均来自参考文献[1]~[6],真实性不再进行考证,敬请读者理解。
高喆(1985—),男,湖北武汉人,讲师。主要研究方向为城市地理学、城市与区域规划。E-mail:gaozhe@mail.ccnu.edu.cn。 |
收稿日期: 2019-07-08
修回日期: 2019-09-17
网络出版日期: 2025-04-18
基金资助
国家发展改革委员会国民经济综合司委托研究课题
国家自然科学基金重大项目(41590844)
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1100105)
国家自然科学基金项目(41601166)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CCNU18XJ049)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CCNU16A05056)
An Analysis of Rebuilding Infrastructure in America
Received date: 2019-07-08
Revised date: 2019-09-17
Online published: 2025-04-18
在全球经济下行风险加剧的背景下,基础设施投资已成为各国中央、地方政府稳增长的主要着力点。美国于2018年2月发布了《美国重建基础设施立法纲要》,与过去联邦基建项目相比,本轮投资计划在规模、资助领域、激励设计、审查程序上都有较大变化,呈现新的特征,将深刻影响未来十年乃至长远美国城乡发展进程。文章系统地介绍了交通、水资源给水和排水系统、下一代能源基础设施、农村基础设施、缓解社会问题的基础设施、基础设施创新转型项目、刺激基础设施投资的创新融资九方面计划,探讨了其特征与可能带来的就业市场影响,指出与以往基建投资相比,本轮基建计划的重点在于发挥联邦基金的“引导”与“杠杆”作用,激励州政府、地方政府与民营资本进入一直以来由联邦政府占主导的基建市场,建立全新的公私合作模式,并明确效率优先、风险共担的开发原则。同时,计划的实施短期内会对劳动力市场结构产生影响,复兴蓝领经济,但长期上依然会面临劳动力转型的挑战。
高喆 , 顾江 , 顾朝林 , 翟炜 . 美国万亿基础设施重建计划分析[J]. 经济地理, 2019 , 39(10) : 6 -13 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2019.10.002
In the context of increased risks in the global economic downturn, infrastructure investment has become a significant tool to maintain economic stability for central and local governments around world. The United States recently released "Legislative Outline for Rebuilding Infrastructure in America" ("plan" for short below). Compared with the past federal infrastructure projects, there are major changes in the scale of investment, funding areas, incentive design, and review procedures, presenting new features that will profoundly affect the urban and rural development of the US in the next decade or even longer. This paper systematically introduces nine aspects of the "plan", namely transportation, water supply & drainage systems, next-generation energy infrastructure, rural infrastructure, infrastructure for social problems solution, transformative projects infrastructure and infrastructure financing programs. Then the paper explores the characteristics of the "plan" and its possible employment impacts. It points out that compared with the previous infrastructure investment, the focus of this round of infrastructure projects is to play the role of "guidance" and "leverage" of the federal funds, encouraging state governments, local governments and private capital to enter the infrastructure market that has always been dominated by the federal government, and establishing a new public-private partnership model, which emphasizes the principle of "efficiency first and risk sharing". Meantime, the paper believes that the plan will have an impact on the American labor market structure in the short term, and the blue-collar economy will be revived; but in the long run, it will still face the challenge of labor transformation.
表1 美国2021—2030年基础设施投资规模和创造就业岗位数预期(基于1万亿美元投资)Tab.1 US 2021-2030 Infrastructure investment amount and job creation expectations |
投资领域 | 基础设施投资 | 创造就业岗位 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
投资规模 (亿美元) | 占比 (%) | 创造就业岗位 (万个) | 占比 (%) | ||
重建道路和桥梁 | 1 000 | 10.0 | 130 | 8.4 | |
城市主街振兴 | 1 000 | 10.0 | 130 | 8.4 | |
扩建(TIGER)交通投资带来经济复苏 | 100 | 1.0 | 13 | 0.8 | |
恢复供水和下水系统 | 1 100 | 11.0 | 250 | 16.2 | |
铁路设施现代化 | 500 | 5.0 | 65 | 4.2 | |
修复和扩建公共交通 | 1 300 | 13.0 | 190 | 12.3 | |
重大项目 | 2 000 | 20.0 | 260 | 16.8 | |
重建公共学校 | 750 | 7.5 | 97.5 | 6.3 | |
改建机场 | 300 | 3.0 | 39 | 2.5 | |
新修港口和航道 | 100 | 1.0 | 13 | 0.8 | |
建设韧性社区 | 250 | 2.5 | 32.5 | 2.1 | |
下一代能源基础设施 | 1 000 | 10.0 | 130 | 8.4 | |
扩建宽带 | 200 | 2.0 | 26 | 1.7 | |
投资公共土地和印第安部落地区基础设施 | 200 | 2.0 | 26 | 1.7 | |
退伍军人(VA)医院和国民警卫队设施现代化 | 100 | 1.0 | 13 | 0.8 | |
创新金融工具 | 100 | 1.0 | 130 | 8.4 | |
合计 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
1.资料来源:A Blueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure;2.说明:TIGER,交通投资带来经济复苏(Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery)。 |
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U.S. Department of Transportation. The President's Initiative for Rebuilding Infrastructure in America[EB/OL]. https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/briefing-room/305216/infrastructure-initiative-booklet.pdf,2018.
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