以湖北省为例,利用2000、2005、2010和2013年的社会经济、土壤和气象等数据,运用Spearman秩相关和空间自相关方法分析揭示耕地多功能权衡与协同的时空格局及变化规律。结果显示：①物质产出、净固碳、景观美学功能一直处于增加态势,其中物质产出功能增长较快,景观美学功能增长较慢;水源涵养功能变化平稳,劳动力承载功能不断减弱。②耕地功能之间主要表现为协同关系;随时间推移,部分功能之间由协同转为权衡,并且协同程度逐渐减弱而权衡程度逐步增强。③空间尺度上,相同耕地功能的协同类型多以“组团”形式出现,聚集性较强,权衡类型无明显聚集区域,大多零星分布在协同类型的周围,水源涵养和景观美学功能的权衡与协同格局比较稳定,剩余三种功能均发生不同程度变化;不同耕地功能之间的协同类型既有明显的“组团区”,又有零星分布区,权衡类型也有类似特点,其中,净固碳与水源涵养、物质产出与景观美学、物质产出与水源涵养、景观美学与水源涵养的权衡与协同格局随时间推移较稳定,其余功能之间权衡与协同格局发生不同程度变化。研究认为,在改善耕地本底质量,合理引导劳动力流向和发展观光农业的同时,应加强县域内各部门之间以及县际之间的合作,科学划定耕地保护与利用区;共同促进耕地多功能的协同利用,增强耕地多功能的总体效益。
Taking Hubei Province as a research area, this paper uses socio-economic,soil and meteorological data of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2013, and employs Spearman Rank Correlation and Spatial Autocorrelation Methods to reveal the dynamic spatial-temporal pattern of trade-off and synergy of multifunctional cultivated land .The results indicated that :1)the material production, net carbon fixation and landscape aesthetic functions showed a growing trend all the time;the material production function increased quickly and the landscape aesthetic increased slowly; water conservation function changed smoothly;labor carrying function became weaken. 2)It mainly presented the synergy relationship among the various cultivated land functions;as the time gone,the relationship among some functions even changed from synergy to trade-off and the synergy degree declined while the trade-off gradually increased. 3)For the same function,the synergy pattern emerged as the shape of cluster and had a powerful agglomeration,while the trade-off type barely had a concentrate region, most of them distributed dispersedly around the synergy type.The trade-off and synergy spatial patterns of water conservation and landscape aesthetics are stable respectively,while the other three functions changed in different degrees.For different functions, the synergy type emerged as the shape of cluster and also had a powerful agglomeration too, the trade-off type also had the same feature;the trade-off and synergy spatial patterns of net carbon fixation and water conservation function,the material production and landscape aesthetics, the material production and water conservation,landscape aesthetic and water conservation functions kept stable with the time being, while the others changed in different degrees.The local government should take measures to improve the basic quality of cultivated land, guide the labor flow reasonably and develop the agriculture tourism industries;at the same time,it is also crucial to strengthen cooperation among departments and counties to restrict cultivated land protection and utilization zones scientifically to promote the synergy between cultivated land functions;ultimately, and enhance the comprehensive efficiency of multifunctional cultivated land.
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