FDI、环境规制与黄河流域城市绿色全要素生产率
赵明亮(1985—),男,山东昌乐人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师。主要研究方向为区域经济与产业经济、“一带一路”经贸合作、全球价值链。E-mail:zhaomingl1985@163.com。 |
收稿日期: 2019-11-30
修回日期: 2020-04-03
网络出版日期: 2025-04-08
基金资助
山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2019QG006)
Foreign Direct Investment, Environmental Regulation and Urban Green Total Factor Productivity of the Yellow River Basin
Received date: 2019-11-30
Revised date: 2020-04-03
Online published: 2025-04-08
赵明亮 , 刘芳毅 , 王欢 , 孙威 . FDI、环境规制与黄河流域城市绿色全要素生产率[J]. 经济地理, 2020 , 40(4) : 38 -47 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2020.04.005
Based on the panel data of 68 key cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2001 to 2017,this paper firstly measures the dynamic change of urban green total factor productivity based on the ML index of non-radial and non-oriented SBM directional distance function. On this basis,considering the characteristics of location and time differences,we empirically studies the impact of foreign direct investment and environmental regulation on urban green TFP,and main conclusions are as follows: 1) The growth power of upstream cities stems from the green technology efficiency,and that of middle and downstream cities stems from the green technology progress during 2001-2010. The green TFP has generally increased since 2011. 2) From the results of full sample regression,FDI in the whole period and the second stage has a negative impact on green TFP,and it has a positive impact from green technology progress in the first stage. Environmental regulation has a significant positive impact,and the impact coefficient in the second stage is slightly small,and the impact on green technology efficiency is negative. 3) The impact of FDI in upstream cities is positive in the whole period and the first stage,while that in the middle and downstream cities is negative in the whole period and the second stage. Environmental regulation has a positive impact. Accordingly,the recommendations are put forward: firstly,we should optimize the allocation of factors,and focus on the scale effect and the efficiency of green technology. Secondly,taking the Belt and Road Initiative as the guide,formulating differentiated investment strategy,and improving the quality and level of foreign direct investment should also take into account; Thirdly,we should perfect the monitoring mechanism of ecological environment and economic development,Lastly,strengthen green technology research and development and improve the effectiveness of investment and the level of financial services.
表1 黄河流域主要城市绿色全要素生产率变动及其来源分解Tab.1 Change and source decomposition of green total factor productivity of main cities in the Yellow River basin |
城市 | 2001—2010 | 2011—2017 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
上游 | 西宁 | 1.0039 | 1.0031 | 1.0008 | 0.9968 | 0.9535 | 1.0454 |
成都 | 0.9589 | 1.0248 | 0.9357 | 1.0255 | 0.9801 | 1.0463 | |
兰州 | 1.0384 | 1.0294 | 1.0087 | 1.0264 | 0.9964 | 1.0301 | |
天水 | 0.8980 | 0.9515 | 0.9437 | 0.9843 | 1.0095 | 0.9751 | |
银川 | 0.9875 | 0.9862 | 1.0013 | 1.0065 | 0.9858 | 1.0210 | |
呼和浩特 | 0.9660 | 0.9680 | 0.9979 | 1.0853 | 1.0454 | 1.0382 | |
包头 | 0.9805 | 0.9774 | 1.0033 | 1.0630 | 1.0154 | 1.0469 | |
中下游 | 西安 | 1.0163 | 0.9950 | 1.0213 | 1.0291 | 1.0019 | 1.0272 |
宝鸡 | 1.0009 | 0.9939 | 1.0070 | 1.0370 | 1.0060 | 1.0308 | |
太原 | 1.0213 | 1.0297 | 0.9918 | 1.0065 | 0.9726 | 1.0348 | |
大同 | 1.0035 | 0.9984 | 1.0051 | 0.9971 | 0.9806 | 1.0168 | |
郑州 | 0.9918 | 1.0124 | 0.9796 | 1.0293 | 0.9759 | 1.0548 | |
开封 | 0.9765 | 0.9879 | 0.9884 | 0.9996 | 0.9732 | 1.0271 | |
洛阳 | 1.0129 | 1.0059 | 1.0070 | 1.0205 | 0.9940 | 1.0267 | |
三门峡 | 1.0124 | 1.0086 | 1.0037 | 0.9793 | 0.9478 | 1.0333 | |
济南 | 0.9900 | 1.0014 | 0.9886 | 1.0218 | 0.9992 | 1.0226 | |
青岛 | 0.9719 | 1.0118 | 0.9606 | 1.0778 | 0.9994 | 1.0785 | |
烟台 | 1.0151 | 0.9999 | 1.0152 | 1.0449 | 1.0080 | 1.0366 | |
东营 | 1.0220 | 0.9920 | 1.0302 | 1.0386 | 1.0093 | 1.0291 |
注:表中数值均为相应指标的几何平均值, 值为 和 值乘积。 |
表2 FDI、环境规制与黄河流域城市绿色全要素生产率Tab.2 FDI, environmental regulation and green total factor productivity of cities in the Yellow River basin |
全时段 | 一阶段 | 二阶段 | 全时段 | 一阶段 | 二阶段 | 全时段 | 一阶段 | 二阶段 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-0.021* | 0.003* | -0.046** | -0.007* | -0.001 | -0.002 | -0.014* | 0.005* | -0.043** | |||
0.011 | 0.011 | 0.021 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.019 | 0.011 | 0.008 | 0.023 | |||
0.116* | 0.057** | 0.031** | -0.008 | 0.047** | -0.041** | 0.123* | 0.010 | 0.072* | |||
0.020 | 0.035 | 0.020 | 0.012 | 0.024 | 0.018 | 0.019 | 0.028 | 0.022 | |||
0.015** | 0.010** | 0.094* | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.014 | 0.015*** | 0.007 | 0.081** | |||
0.008 | 0.007 | 0.035 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.032 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.039 | |||
-0.103* | -0.077* | -0.105** | -0.004* | -0.030 | -0.031* | -0.099* | -0.047* | -0.074* | |||
0.029 | 0.029 | 0.054 | 0.018 | 0.020 | 0.050 | 0.028 | 0.023 | 0.060 | |||
0.013* | -0.057* | 0.410* | -0.022 | -0.042* | -0.098 | 0.036* | -0.014 | 0.508* | |||
0.036 | 0.038 | 0.092 | 0.022 | 0.026 | 0.086 | 0.034 | 0.029 | 0.103 | |||
CONS | 1.025* | 1.673* | -4.053* | 0.442* | 0.875* | 2.437 | 0.582*** | 0.797** | -6.500 | ||
0.316 | 0.420 | 0.925 | 0.191 | 0.286 | 0.859 | 0.301 | 0.330 | 1.032 | |||
F值 | 43.090 | 25.58 | 86.61 | 35.87 | 23.26 | 25.44 | 33.01 | 21.57 | 56.19 | ||
P值 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
Hausman值 | 35.35* | 30.53* | 16.68* | 16.92* | 20.92* | 10.20 | 26.88* | 19.64* | 15.39* |
表3 FDI、环境规制与黄河流域上游城市绿色全要素生产率Tab.3 FDI, environmental regulation and green total factor productivity of cities in the upper reaches of the Yellow River basin |
全时段 | 一阶段 | 二阶段 | 全时段 | 一阶段 | 二阶段 | 全时段 | 一阶段 | 二阶段 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.009* | 0.021** | -0.040* | -0.001 | 0.011* | -0.050 | 0.009* | 0.010* | 0.010* | |||
0.015 | 0.011 | 0.028 | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.031 | 0.015 | 0.010 | 0.022 | |||
0.021* | 0.061*** | 0.049* | 0.008 | 0.070** | -0.036* | 0.013* | -0.009 | 0.085* | |||
0.031 | 0.036 | 0.037 | 0.021 | 0.031 | 0.042 | 0.032 | 0.031 | 0.030 | |||
0.017* | -0.001 | 0.147* | 0.004 | 0.007 | -0.017 | 0.021*** | -0.008 | 0.130* | |||
0.012 | 0.008 | 0.051 | 0.008 | 0.007 | 0.057 | 0.012 | 0.007 | 0.041 | |||
-0.105** | -0.140* | -0.059* | 0.009 | -0.071** | -0.008 | -0.113* | -0.069** | -0.051* | |||
0.042 | 0.038 | 0.060 | 0.029 | 0.032 | 0.068 | 0.043 | 0.033 | 0.049 | |||
0.057* | -0.014 | 0.290** | -0.038 | -0.037 | -0.143 | 0.094*** | 0.023 | 0.432* | |||
0.053 | 0.046 | 0.121 | 0.036 | 0.039 | 0.137 | 0.055 | 0.040 | 0.098 | |||
CONS | 0.475* | 1.658* | -2.461*** | 0.341 | 1.092* | 3.308** | 0.134 | 0.566 | -5.769* | ||
0.200 | 0.046 | 1.375 | 0.305 | 0.397 | 1.558 | 0.462 | 0.405 | 1.114 | |||
F值 | 33.56 | 21.78 | 72.85 | 21.59 | 14.36 | 13.97 | 31.23 | 21.31 | 125.63 | ||
P值 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
Hausman Test | 4.89 | 11.77** | 3.56 | 3.02 | 10.79** | 6.13 | 1.56 | 1.82 | 3.52 |
表4 FDI、环境规制与黄河流域中下游城市绿色全要素生产率Tab.4 FDI,environmental regulation and green total factor productivity of cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin |
全时段 | 一阶段 | 二阶段 | 全时段 | 一阶段 | 二阶段 | 全时段 | 一阶段 | 二阶段 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-0.053* | -0.217 | -0.062* | -0.008 | -0.017 | 0.050** | -0.045* | -0.005 | -0.111* | |||
0.016 | 0.018 | 0.031 | 0.010 | 0.011 | 0.026 | 0.015 | 0.014 | 0.039 | |||
0.157* | 0.067 | 0.015* | -0.015* | 0.022 | -0.045* | 0.171* | 0.044 | 0.059** | |||
0.025 | 0.059 | 0.024 | 0.014 | 0.037 | 0.019 | 0.023 | 0.045 | 0.029 | |||
0.014** | -0.015 | 0.029** | 0.005 | -0.009 | 0.008** | 0.009** | -0.006 | 0.021** | |||
0.011 | 0.010 | 0.048 | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.040 | 0.010 | 0.007 | 0.059 | |||
-0.088* | -0.033 | -0.281* | 0.004 | 0.008 | -0.111 | -0.093* | -0.041 | -0.169* | |||
0.040 | 0.043 | 0.111 | 0.023 | 0.027 | 0.091 | 0.036 | 0.033 | 0.137 | |||
0.003* | -0.083 | 0.700* | -0.037 | -0.045 | -0.010 | 0.041* | -0.0389 | 0.709* | |||
0.049 | 0.054 | 0.168 | 0.028 | 0.034 | 0.138 | 0.044 | 0.041 | 0.206 | |||
CONS | 1.094* | 1.703* | -6.435* | 0.625 | 0.659 | 1.637 | 0.469 | 1.044 | -8.072* | ||
0.429 | 0.633 | 1.352 | 0.247 | 0.400 | 1.110 | 0.388 | 0.485 | 1.661 | |||
F值 | 45.44 | 23.88 | 75.55 | 41.37 | 26.54 | 30.70 | 35.30 | 19.17 | 37.04 | ||
P值 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
HausmanTest | 32.74* | 36.66* | 31.69* | 19.92* | 21.08* | 7.65 | 47.33 | 33.82 | 26.49* |
表5 FDI、环境规制与黄河流域城市绿色全要素生产率Tab.5 FDI, environmental regulation and green total factor productivity of cities in the Yellow River basin |
全样本 | 上游城市 | 中下游城市 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
全时段 | 一阶段 | 二阶段 | 全时段 | 一阶段 | 二阶段 | 全时段 | 一阶段 | 二阶段 | |||
-0.011* | 0.013* | -0.024* | 0.011* | 0.022** | -0.035** | -0.030** | -0.003 | -0.016* | |||
0.011 | 0.011 | 0.020 | 0.015 | 0.011 | 0.026 | 0.017 | 0.018 | 0.031 | |||
0.091* | 0.015* | 0.024** | 0.005* | 0.018** | 0.032** | 0.125* | 0.063 | 0.020* | |||
0.019 | 0.031 | 0.019 | 0.030 | 0.031 | 0.034 | 0.025 | 0.050 | 0.023 | |||
0.016** | 0.011** | 0.092** | 0.018** | -0.003 | 0.153* | 0.014* | -0.017** | 0.031** | |||
0.009 | 0.007 | 0.035 | 0.012 | 0.008 | 0.050 | 0.012 | 0.010 | 0.049 | |||
-0.117* | -0.071** | -0.094** | -0.109* | -0.131* | -0.062** | -0.123* | -0.026 | -0.177* | |||
0.029 | 0.028 | 0.051 | 0.041 | 0.036 | 0.058 | 0.040 | 0.041 | 0.095 | |||
0.053* | -0.010 | 0.409* | 0.082* | -0.033 | 0.342* | 0.068* | -0.015 | 0.523* | |||
0.029 | 0.034 | 0.081 | 0.051 | 0.043 | 0.107 | 0.047 | 0.048 | 0.131 | |||
CONS | 0.612 | 0.761 | -4.436* | 0.200 | 0.991* | -3.182* | 0.516 | 0.372 | -5.674* | ||
0.311 | 0.377 | 0.804 | 0.436 | 0.424 | 1.191 | 0.424 | 0.551 | 1.082 | |||
Wald统计量 | 58.65 | 53.81 | 72.81 | 26.64 | 43.88 | 26.07 | 46.93 | 26.94 | 53.31 |
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