国家级新区作为我国区位导向性政策的核心内容,是中央和地方政府在不同空间尺度进行资源整合和功能培育的重要途径。文章采用2006—2016年间10个国家级新区所涉及城市的122个区（县）的面板数据,实证分析了国家级新区对本地经济增长的影响,以及这种影响因新区管治模式和所在区域的不同而存在的异质性。研究发现,在全国尺度上,国家级新区对GDP增长和FDI增长产生了显著的促进作用。地区层面的进一步分析发现,中、西部地区的国家级新区对GDP增长和FDI增长的贡献度明显高于东部地区。究其原因,是不同地区在基础设施、经济集聚、制度和市场环境等方面的差异性,影响了国家级新区的边际效用。基于管治模式的分析表明,行政主体的多元化降低了国家级新区的管理绩效,行政主体唯一的国家级新区对经济增长的贡献度明显更高。最后,文章建议对国家级新区政策工具的善用,需要注重其选址的科学性及管治效率的提升。
National-level new area (NLNA) is an important channel for central and local governments to configure resources and cultivate functions in different spatial scales as the core content of our location oriented policy. In recent years, with “intensification” of national-level new area, how to realize and comment economic effect of national-level new area became a hot problems which concerned by society. This paper adopts panel data of 122 counties of ten national-level new areas involved between 2006 and 2016, the demonstration analyzed effect of national-level new areas to growth of local GDP and FDI, and heterogenicity generated by its management model and different region. This study found that from the nationwide, national-level new area plays obvious role in promoting GDP growth and FDI growth. The analysis to regions found that national-level new areas which in middle-western regions have more contributions to local GDP and FDI growth is higher than eastern regions obviously, the reason is because difference of infrastructure, economic cluster, system and market environment in different regions, which affected marginal utility of national-level new areas. The analysis based on control model indicated that diverse subject of administrative decreased management performance of national-level new areas, only subject of administrative of national-level new area has higher contribution to economic growth. Based on this, this paper suggests to make “reasonable use” to national-level new areas, should focus on scientific address and improvement of management and control efficiency.
[1] Martin R.Institutional approaches in economic geography[C]//Sheppard E,Barnes T J,eds. A Companion to Economic Geography. Oxford:Blackwell,2000:77-94.
[2] Sassen S.Losing control?sovereignty in an age of globaliza-tion[M]. New York:Columbia University Press,1996:15.
[3] Raco M.Assessing institutional thickness in the local context:Studies of Cardiff and Sheffield[J]. Environment and Planning A,1998(30):975-996.
[4] Man J Y,Rosentraub M S.Tax Increment Financing:Municipal Adoption and Effects On Property Value Growth[J]. Public Finance Review,1998,26(6):523-547.
[5] Lynch D,Zax J S.Incidence and Substitution in Enterprise Zone Programs:The Case of Colorado[J]. Public Finance Review,2011,39(2):226-255.
[6] 晁恒,马学广,李贵才. 尺度重构视角下国家战略区域的空间生产策略——基于国家级新区的探讨[J]. 经济地理,2015,35(5):1-8.
[7] 国家发展与改革委员会. 国家级新区发展报告2016[M]. 北京:中国计划出版社,2015.
[8] 齐元静,金凤君,刘涛,等. 国家节点战略的实施路径及其经济效应评价[J]. 地理学报,2016,71(12):2 103-2 118.
[9] Barry N.China's Economic Policy Today:The New State Activ-ism[J]. Eurasian Geography and Economics,2011,52(3):313-329.
[10] 徐超平,李昊,马赤宇. 国家级新区兰州新区发展路径的再思考[J]. 城市发展研究,2017,24(3):148-152.
[11] 陈东,孔维锋. 新地域空间——国家级新区的特征解析与发展对策[J]. 中国科学院院刊,2016,31(1):118-125.
[12] 谢广靖,石郁萌. 国家级新区发展的再认识[J]. 城市规划,2016,40(5):9-20.
[13] 刘继华,荀春兵.国家级新区:实践与目标的偏差及政策反思[J]. 城市发展研究,2017,24(1):18-25.
[14] Brenner N.Globalisation as Reterritorialisation:The Rescalingof Urban Governance in the European Union[J]. Urban Studies,1999,36(3):431-451.
[15] Scott A J,Angel D P.The US semiconductor industry:a loca-tional analysis[J]. Environment and Planning A,2015,19(7):875-912.
[16] Zheng S,Sun W,Wang R.Land supply and capitalization of public goods in housing prices:evidence from Beijing[J]. Journal of Regional Science,2014,54(4):550-568.
[17] Papke L E.Tax policy and urban development:evidence from the Indiana enterprise zone Program[J]. Journal of Public Economics,1994,54(1):37-49.
[18] Gibson D.Neighborhood Characteristics and the Targeting of Tax Increment Financing in Chicago[J]. Journal of Urban Economics,2003,54(2):309-327.
[19] 魏成,陈烈. 全球化与制度转型脉络下中国区域空间生产逻辑及其研判[J]. 经济地理,2009,29(3):384-390,369.
[20] 乔宝云,刘乐峥,尹训东,等. 地方政府激励制度的比较分析[J]. 经济研究,2014,49(10):102-110.
[21] Wang J.The economic impact of Special Economic Zones:evi-dence from Chinese municipalities[J]. Journal of Development Economics,2013,101(1):133-147.
[22] Wu J,Deng Y,Huang J,et al.Incentives and outcomes:Chi-na's environmental policy[J]. Nber Working Papers,2013(9):1-41.
[23] 李耀尧,杨国泰. 我国开发区对宏观经济增长的贡献研究[J]. 广东社会科学,2010(6):41-47.
[24] 陶然,陆曦,苏福兵,等.地区竞争格局演变下的中国转轨:财、政激励和发展模式反思[J]. 经济研究,2009,44(7):21-33.
[25] Dye R F,Merriman D F.The Effects of Tax Increment Financ-ing on Economic Development[J]. Journal of Urban Economics,2000,47(2):306-328.
[26] Erickson R A,Syms P M.The effects of enterprise zones on lo-cal property markets[J]. Regional Studies,1986,20(1):1-14.
[27] Reynolds C L,Rohlin S M.The effects of location-based tax policies on the distribution of household income:Evidence from the federal Empowerment Zone program[J]. Journal of Urban Economics,2015,88:1-15.
[28] Wei S J.Attracting foreign direct investment:Has China reachedits potential?[J]. China Economic Review,1995,6(2):187-199.
[29] Liu Z.Foreign direct investment and technology spillovers:theory and evidence[J]. Journal of Development Economics,2008,85(1):176-193.
[30] Lu Y,Wang J,Zhu L.Do Place-Based Policies Work? Micro-Level Evidence from China's Economic Zone Program [J]. Social Science Electronic Publishing,2015.
[31] 刘瑞明,赵仁杰.国家高新区推动了地区经济发展吗?——基于双重差分方法的验证[J]. 管理世界,2015(8):30-38.
[32] 李晓江. “钻石结构”——试论国家空间战略演进[J]. 城市规划学刊,2012(2):1-8.
[33] 肖菲,殷洁,罗小龙,等. 国家级新区发展与管治模式研究[J]. 现代城市研究,2017(7):87-92,123.
[34] 朱旭光. 西咸新区管委会职能定位及机构设置研究[D]. 西安:西北大学,2013.
