基于点格局分析、核密度分析、热点聚类等方法,以中国4批次3 140项国家非物质文化遗产为研究对象,对其空间分布模式进行了定量分析。结果发现：①中国国家级非物质文化遗产呈聚集分布态势,具有较强的空间依赖性。②从类别来看,表演艺术类聚集于京津冀与冀鲁豫、长三角、粤闽沿海、湘鄂贵地区;传统手工艺类聚集在长三角、陕晋交界、京津冀地区;口头传统和表现形式类聚集在长三角及黄河下游地区;有关自然界和宇宙的知识和实践类主要分布于京津冀地区;社会实践、仪式与节庆类多分布于东南沿海。③从批次来看,前两期非遗项目较多;后期更重视经济不发达地区非遗项目的开发。④非遗项目的两个分布高核区分别位于京津冀和长三角。⑤非遗分布趋向于地势比较平坦、气候温暖宜人、水资源丰富、阔叶林为主的平原和低山地区,以及历史文化悠久、民族聚居、经济较发达区域。
Based on investigation of four published batches of 3140 national intangible culture heritage in China and using GIS and some quantitative analysis methods, such as point pattern analysis, kernel density estimation, hot spot clustering, the spatial structure of national intangible culture heritage were investigated, with their characteristics and distribution being discussed. The results show that the distribution of national intangible culture heritage in China is a type of agglomeration and spatial dependent. From the view of type, performance arts are highly concentrated in Hebei-Shandong-Henan province, Hunan-Hubei-Guizhou province, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region and the Yangzi River Delta region. Custom and festivals are highly concentrated in the border region of Shaanxi and Shanxi, BTH region, and the Yangzi River Delta region. Folk literature are highly concentrated in the Yangzi River Delta region and downstream of the Yellow River. Traditional knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe are highly concentrated in BTH region. Traditional craftsmanship are highly concentrated in coastal areas of southeastern. As to the overall national intangible culture heritage in China at the batches, the first two batches of national intangible culture heritage were more than other batches, and later batches pay more attention to the application in undeveloped areas. Nationwide, the high-core areas of national intangible culture heritage were placed in BTH region and the Yangzi River Delta region. High density of national intangible culture heritage concentrated in the regions which are flat, rich of water, broad-leaved forest dominated plains and low mountain areas, fertile of soil, pleasant weather, long history of culture, ethnic agglomeration and developed regions. This paper can provide planners and policymakers with important and valuable information for the protection and inheritance of the national intangible culture heritage in China.
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