快速铁路具有时空收敛作用,能够重塑区域可达性格局从而引起区域可达性空间分配不公平。以海南岛为例,结合地理空间分析技术和数理统计方法,研究快速铁路对岛屿空间内区域可达性格局和空间公平性的影响,以引导快铁布局模式向注重空间公平转变作理论探索。结果表明：①快速铁路大大提高了海南岛内城市（有快铁站点）的交通可达性,但可达性时间的改善表现出强烈的空间不均衡性;②快铁开通重塑了海南岛内可达性格局,由快铁开通前的东—中—北部可达性最优、西—南部可达性差向环岛沿岸可达性最优、中部地区可达性差转变,可达性洼地呈现重心北移趋势,呈现“边缘—核心”逐渐递减的可达性格局,与开通前以公路交通为主的可达性分布格局相异;③快铁开通前,可达性格局与可达性潜力格局趋异,快铁开通后,可达性格局与可达性潜力格局趋同;④由于快铁开通压缩其可达时间,进一步提升了岛内城市可达性潜力,呈现环岛沿岸地区具有较强的经济实力的城市（有快铁站点）强、中部地区无站点城市弱的“马太效应”现象,在空间上表现为“核心—边缘”逐渐递增的空间分布格局;⑤快铁开通增加了交通可达性的全域变差系数CV值（增加0.0285）,表明快铁强化了海南岛交通可达性的空间不均衡性,在空间上呈现由核心向边缘逐渐递减的交通公平格局,公平性分配呈现“跷跷板效应”。文章为岛屿空间可达性格局研究提供参考,融合了快速铁路与空间公平的研究视角,以海南岛为研究个案探讨交通可达性空间公平问题。
The fast railway has the function of time and space convergence. It can reshape the regional accessibility pattern and cause the regional accessibility distribution unfairness. Taking Hainan Island as an example,this paper used the method of average accessibility, fairness measure and the inverse distance weight interpolation, the influence of the fast railway on the spatial accessibility pattern and spatial fairness in the Island space is discussed, to guide the fast railway layout mode to focus on the spatial equity transition for theoretical exploration.It is conclude as follows:(1) The fast railway greatly improved traffic accessibility of the city within Hainan Island, but the improvement of accessibility time shows a strong spatial imbalance; (2) The fast railway opend will reshape the accessibility pattern of Hainan island. before the opening of the fast railway, the best area located in the north and central areas, but The accessibility of the southwest area is poor. after the fast railway opened, it is contrary. The upward trend of the center of gravity is northward.the accessibility pattern persent gradually decline from the edge to the core. And the opening of the road traffic before the pattern of the accessibility distribution is different; (3) before the opening of fast railway, the accessibility and potential pattern is divergence,but it is converged after the opening of fast railway; (4) The fast railway opening will bring up to time compression, and help to futher enhance the accessibility potentian within Hainan island. the city of the coastal areas with strong economic development level which has fast railway station is strong,but the city of without fast railway station is weak,which persent the "Matthew effect". The spatial distribution pattern is manifested as the "core-edge" gradually increasing; (5) The fast railway opening increases the CV of the global variability coefficient of traffic accessibility, increasing by 0.0285.This shows that the fast railwany strengthens the spatial imbalance of traffic accessibility in Hainan Island, and presents the traffic equity pattern gradually decreasing from the core to the edge, and the equity distribution shows the "seesaw effect". This paper provides a reference for the study of accessibility pattern of the island space. Taking Hainan Island as an example, this paper discusses the equity of traffic accessibility by the integration of fast railway and space fair as research perspective.
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