中国PM2.5污染对居民健康的影响及经济损失核算
丁镭(1982—),男,浙江天台人,博士,副教授,研究方向为环境经济地理。E-mail:dinglei3616028@163.com |
收稿日期: 2020-04-26
修回日期: 2020-11-15
网络出版日期: 2025-03-31
基金资助
浙江省高校重大人文社会科学攻关计划规划重点项目(2021GH047)
The Impact of PM2.5 Pollution on Residents' Health and Economic Loss Accounting in China
Received date: 2020-04-26
Revised date: 2020-11-15
Online published: 2025-03-31
丁镭 , 方雪娟 , 陈昆仑 . 中国PM2.5污染对居民健康的影响及经济损失核算[J]. 经济地理, 2021 , 41(7) : 82 -92 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2021.07.009
Reasonable assessment of the health risks and economic losses of urban residents caused by air pollution is of great significance for regional air pollution control,environmental policy planning and implementation,and the construction of health in China. Based on the data of PM2.5 concentration and population density in 338 cities of China from 2015 to 2017,this paper estimates the premature death and related disease incidence caused by exposure to PM2.5 pollution by the means of the Exposure-Response model,and assesses the direct economic losses of PM2.5 pollution by the methods of the Life Value Method(VSL) and Disease Cost (COI). The results show that: 1) From 2015 to 2017, PM2.5 mass concentration has improved to some extent,but the overall spatial pollution pattern has not changed significantly. The highly polluted areas are mainly distributed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions and their surrounding cities; 2) PM2.5 pollution has led to a significant reduction in terminal health losses and economic losses. Among them,the number of residents who lost terminal health decreased by 23.9%,the total economic loss of residents decreased by 24.24% from 1 824.96 billion yuan in 2015 to 1 382.64 billion yuan in 2017. 3) The increase of urbanization rate exacerbates the impact of PM2.5 pollution on the health problems and corresponding economic losses,especially in some cities with high pollution and high urbanization level,such as Beijing and Tianjin. In the future,measures should be taken in line with local conditions to strengthen PM2.5 monitoring and control in key cities and effectively protect the public health of urban residents.
表1 主要健康终端的PM2.5污染暴露—居民健康响应系数和发生率Tab.1 Exposure-response coefficient and incidence of PM2.5 pollution |
患病 | 暴露—响应系数均值(95%置信区间) | I值 | |
---|---|---|---|
早逝 | 全因死亡 | 0.00296(0.00076,0.00504) | 0.00452 |
住院 | 呼吸系统疾病 | 0.00109(0.00000,0.00221) | 0.01279 |
心血管疾病 | 0.00068(0.00043,0.00093) | 0.00989 | |
患病 | 慢性支气管炎 | 0.01009(0.00366,0.01559) | 0.00694 |
急性支气管炎 | 0.00790(0.00270,0.01300) | 0.03800 | |
哮喘 | 0.00210(0.00145,0.00274) | 0.05610 |
[1] |
|
[2] |
|
[3] |
|
[4] |
|
[5] |
|
[6] |
|
[7] |
韩立建. 城市化与PM时空格局演变及其影响因素的研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(8):1011-1021.
|
[8] |
|
[9] |
|
[10] |
|
[11] |
|
[12] |
|
[13] |
|
[14] |
李惠娟, 周德群, 魏永杰. 我国城市PM2.5污染的健康风险及经济损失评价[J]. 环境科学, 2018, 39(8):3467-3475.
|
[15] |
谢志祥, 秦耀辰, 郑智成, 等. 京津冀大气污染传输通道城市PM2.5污染的死亡效应评估[J]. 环境科学学报, 2019, 39(3):843-852.
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
|
[18] |
|
[19] |
曾贤刚, 谢芳, 宗佺. 降低PM2.5健康风险的行为选择及支付意愿——以北京市居民为例[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2015, 25(1):127-133.
|
[20] |
黄德生, 张世秋. 京津冀地区控制PM2.5污染的健康效益评估[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013, 33(1):166-174.
|
[21] |
李惠娟, 周德群, 魏永杰. 空气污染的健康经济损失评价研究进展[J]. 环境科学研究, 2020, 33(10):2421-2429.
|
[22] |
谢杨, 戴瀚程. PM2.5污染对京津冀地区人群健康影响和经济影响[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2016, 26(11):19-27.
|
[23] |
王桂芝, 武灵艳, 陈纪波, 等. 北京市PM2.5污染健康经济效应的CGE分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017, 37(7):2779-2785.
|
[24] |
曾贤刚, 阮芳芳. 中国PM2.5污染健康效应的国民经济影响分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(7):3228-3238.
|
[25] |
傅崇辉, 王文军, 汤健, 等. PM2.5健康风险的空间人口分布研究——以深圳为例[J]. 中国软科学, 2014(9):78-91.
|
[26] |
|
[27] |
|
[28] |
|
[29] |
|
[30] |
|
[31] |
|
[32] |
|
[33] |
|
[34] |
|
[35] |
|
[36] |
|
[37] |
|
[38] |
|
[39] |
|
[40] |
杜雯翠, 冯科. 城市化会恶化空气质量吗?——来自新兴经济体国家的经验证据[J]. 经济社会体制比较, 2013(5):91-99.
|
[41] |
|
[42] |
邵帅, 李欣, 曹建华. 中国的城市化推进与雾霾治理[J]. 经济研究, 2019, 54(2):148-165.
|
[43] |
王德文. 人口低生育率阶段的劳动力供求变化与中国经济增长[J]. 中国人口科学, 2007(1):44-52.
|
[44] |
谢旭轩. 健康的价值:环境效益评估方法与城市空气污染控制策略[D]. 北京: 北京大学, 2011.
|
[45] |
|
[46] |
陈晓兰. 大气颗粒物造成的健康损害价值评估[D]. 厦门: 厦门大学, 2008.
|
[47] |
方创琳. 中国城市发展方针的演变调整与城市规模新格局[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(4):674-686.
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |