以赣州客家传统村落为研究对象,通过实地调研与地图分析,确定村落位置,结合历史文献与历史地图,提取村落建设年代信息,研判村落传统属性;借助GIS地理信息系统,构建了“赣州客家传统村落地理信息时空数据库”。采用最邻近指数法、核密度分析法、叠置分析法等方法,从空间和时间两大维度对赣州客家传统村落的空间分布特征及历史演化过程进行综合分析。结果显示：在空间分布上,山体与耕地是影响村落空间分布的关键因素,为了留出耕地,村落多顺应山体呈线性展开,相对水体而言,与山体依附关系更强;在时间演进上,村落在宋、元、明、清四个历史时期均表现出显著的集聚分布状态,但集聚中心持续转移扩散,在此过程中,经济技术发展以及政治军事格局对村落的历史空间演进产生了重大深远影响。
This paper takes Hakka traditional villages in Ganzhou as the study object, getting its locations by field investigation and map analysis, and determines the time of village construction by historical documents and maps. Then, based on Geographic Information System (GIS),it establishes the spatio-temporal database established. From the two dimensions of space and time, adopting methods such as nearest neighbor index and kernel density estimation, and superposition analysis, the spatial distribution and evolution of the traditional village was discussed. The results show that mountain and farmland are the key factors affecting the spatial distribution of villages. In order to keep farmland, many villages conform to the linear expansion of the mountain, and show more dependence to mountains than to water system. In the four historical periods of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasty, villages show an obvious state of agglomeration all through, though the location and number of agglomeration center keeps changing. In this process, the economic and technological development and the political and military pattern have a profound influence on the spatial-temporal evolution of the village.
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