基于超效率DEA-MI模型对鄂皖两省29个城市旅游效率与曼奎斯特指数进行测度,结果表明：①武汉和黄山两市旅游效率始终保持有效,咸宁市的效率排名进步最大,合肥的效率排名降低的幅度最大,各个城市的旅游效率的差异有缩小的趋势。②区域维度上,鄂西圈旅游效率的进步最大,区域内部各市的效率差距不断缩小;皖南国际文化旅游示范区旅游效率始终保持较高水平,区域内部差异较大;武汉都市圈和皖北区域旅游效率名次均值较低,其中武汉都市圈内部各市之间的差异有扩大的趋势,而皖北区域城市效率差异不断缩小。③两省的旅游全要素生产率均呈现快速上涨的态势,其中技术进步是其增长的主要驱动力;各地级市州之间旅游效率增长的差距正逐步缩小,更加均衡;鄂皖两省在2009—2012年间旅游效率增长速度最快,近几年增长的动力已逐渐放缓。最后研究分析得出经济水平、资源禀赋、交通条件、技术创新、政策因素和行政区划变动都对不同城市不同阶段效率的驱动程度不同,城市旅游发展效率的变动是多种因素共同驱动的结果。
Efficiency is an important factor to measure the level of tourism development. This paper measures and analyzes tourism development efficiency and efficiency growth of Hubei and Anhui Province base on the Super-DEA and Malmquist models. Major conclusions include:(1) Wuhan and Huangshan's tourism efficiency maintain effective all the time, efficiency of Xianning has the biggest progress, while Hefei has the largest reduction; the difference in tourism efficiency of each city has a trend to shrink. (2) It increases maximum efficiency of tourism in western Hubei and the efficiency gap of each city has been narrowed. It keeps a higher level in tourism efficiency of international cultural tourism demonstration area in southern Anhui, although it has a big efficiency gap between cities. The average ranking of tourism efficiency in Wuhan Metropolitan Region and Northern Anhui is relatively low, the difference between cities in Wuhan Metropolitan Region has the trend of expansion, but the difference between cities iin north of Anhui is opposite.(3)It has a rapid rising trend of tourism total factor productivity in Hubei and Anhui province, where the technological progress is the main driving force; the tourism efficiency gap of each city is gradually narrowing. It has the fastest growth from 2009 to 2012 and has slowed down in recent years. Economic level, resource endowment, traffic condition, technological innovation policy factors and administrative division have different degree of efficiency at different stages of different cities, multiple factors influence the variation of urban tourism development efficiency.
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