文章对社会保障安全网的内涵进行量化,从覆盖度、密集度和水平度3个维度构建了中国社会保障安全网的评价指标体系;同时,基于2000—2020年中国300个地级及以上城市的宏观数据,采用熵权法确定各个指标的权重,精准、多维测算社会保障安全网水平。结果表明：①中国社会保障安全网水平逐年提升,社会保障安全网不断完善,但不同地区和不同省份2000—2020年社会保障安全网发展速度存在显著差异。②从空间分布来看,社会保障安全网高水平地区主要集中在东部沿海地区,低水平地区主要分布在中西部地区。③中国社会保障安全网具有明显的空间异质性,空间正自相关性显著,且这一正相关程度随着时间的推移有所减弱。④社会保障安全网能够显著促进人口流动、提高就业率以及促进地区创新,且空间溢出效应明显。最后,为解决空间异质性带来的消极影响,提出应从优化布局、强化激励、监测评估等方面展开探索,以解决社会保障安全网发展不平衡不充分的现实问题。
This paper quantitatively analyzes the connotation of the social security safety network,establishes an evaluation index system of China's social security safety network from three dimensions: coverage,intensity,and levelness. It calculates the level of the social security safety network based on the macro data from over 300 cities at the prefecture level and above in China from 2000 to 2020 by the means of the entropy weight method. The results show that: 1) The level of China's social security safety network has progressively improved year by year,China's social security safety network has been continuously enhanced. However,there are significant differences in the development pace of the social security safety network among different regions and provinces from 2000 to 2020. 2) Spatially,areas with high levels of social security safety network are mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal regions,while those with low levels of social security safety network are predominantly found in the central and western regions. 3) The social security safety network in China exhibits notable spatial heterogeneity,with significant positive spatial autocorrelation that has decreased over time. 4) The social security safety network significantly fosters population mobility,enhances employment rates,and promotes regional innovation,with evident spatial spillover effects. To address the negative impacts of spatial heterogeneity,it's suggested that the exploration should be carried out from the aspects of optimizing layout,strengthening incentives,and monitoring and evaluation to solve the real issues of unbalanced and inadequate development of the social security safety network.
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