探究我国农村居民膳食结构特征,对健康中国建设具有重要意义。运用熵权TOPSIS法测算2000—2020年中国31省域农村居民膳食结构指数,采用核密度、ArcGIS技术探究农村居民膳食结构指数的时空分异特征,使用地理探测器方法分析膳食结构指数的影响因素。结果表明：①2000—2020年,中国农村居民膳食结构指数均值呈现缓慢上升趋势,农村居民膳食结构逐渐优化;研究期内,中国农村居民膳食结构指数由东南沿海较高—西北部低向东中部高—西部较低的空间格局演变,以上海、江苏为代表的东南沿海地区农村居民膳食结构指数较高,与推荐的平衡膳食模式相贴近,而新疆、西藏等西部地区膳食结构指数与平衡膳食模式存在一定的差距。②影响因素方面,城市化水平、消费能力、市场化程度、受教育水平对农村居民膳食结构指数均有显著的驱动作用,因子解释力排序为城市化水平>消费能力>市场化程度>受教育水平,且中国农村居民膳食结构指数受多个因素共同影响,其交互作用类型均为双因子增强。
Exploring the dietary structure characteristics of Chinese rural residents is of great significance to the construction of healthy China. This paper uses the entropy weight TOPSIS method to estimate the level of rural residents' dietary structure in 31 provincial-level regions of China in 2000-2020,explores the spatial and temporal differentiation of rural residents' dietary structure by using the spatial analysis of ArcGIS,and analyzes the influencing factors of dietary structure by the Geodetector method. The results show that: 1) From 2000 to 2020,the average value of dietary structure of rural residents in China presents a slow rising trend,and the dietary structure of rural residents is gradually optimized. During the study period,the spatial pattern of dietary structure index of rural residents in China changed from higher in the southeast coastal area and lower in the northwest of China to higher in the east and center of China and lower in the west of China. The dietary structure of rural residents in the southeast coastal area represented by Shanghai and Jiangsu was relatively high,which was close to the recommended balanced dietary pattern,while there was a certain gap between the dietary structure and the balanced dietary pattern in western areas such as Xinjiang and Tibet. 2) In terms of influencing factors,the urbanization level,the consumption power,the marketization level and the education level all have significant driving effects on the dietary structure of rural residents,and the explanatory power of the factors is ranked as the urbanization level > the consumption power > the marketization level > the education level. In addition,the dietary structure of rural residents in China is jointly affected by multiple factors,and the interaction type is two-factor enhancement.
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