基于2008—2019年滇桂黔地区328个县域面板数据,分析了村镇银行网点分布的时空特征,并应用面板计数模型识别其影响因素。研究发现：①西南民族地区村镇银行网点数量较多,主要集聚在省会城市所辖区和少数发展较好的县域。滇黔桂三省（区）中,广西的村镇银行网点数一直处于较高水平且发展平稳,贵州的村镇银行发展较快且网点覆盖率最高,云南的村镇银行网点数较少且主要分布在距城市40 km内的区域。②西南民族地区村镇银行网点分布受盈利性经营目标和“支农支小”政策定位的双重影响,各影响因素中,县域第一产业发展、农民收入水平有着显著的正向影响,规模以下企业发展水平的影响尚不明显,其他银行网点数量与村镇银行网点数量存在互补效应。③西南民族地区村镇银行网点布局优化应坚守“支农支小”市场定位,以需求为导向,加快建设以农村金融服务站为代表的轻型服务站点,同时,推动村镇银行参与“多县一行”试点和共享式规模化发展,进一步发挥其助力乡村振兴的效能。
Based on the panel data of 328 counties in Yunnan,Guangxi and Guizhou from 2008 to 2019,this paper analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of the distribution of bank outlets in villages and towns,and uses the panel counting model to identify its influencing factors. It's found that: 1) It has a large number of village bank outlets in Yunnan,Guangxi and Guizhou,which are mainly concentrated in the jurisdiction of provincial capitals and a few well-developed counties. Among them,the number of bank outlets in villages and towns of Guangxi is at a high level and has developed steadily. Bank outlets have developed rapidly in villages and towns of Guizhou and have the highest coverage. The number of bank outlets in villages and towns of Yunnan is small and mainly distributed within 40 km from the city. 2) The profitable business target and the market positioning of "supporting agriculture and small businesses" have an important influence on the distribution of bank outlets in villages and towns of ethnic areas, the development level of the primary industry in the county and the income level of farmers are the main positive influencing factors,and the impact of the development level of small-scale enterprises is not obvious. There is a complementary effect between the number of other bank outlets and the number of village bank outlets. 3) The optimization of the network layout of bank outlets in villages and towns should adhere to the market positioning of "supporting agriculture and small businesses",take demand as the orientation,and speed up the construction of light service sites represented by rural financial service sites. At the same time,promoting village banks to participate in the "multi-county one-bank" pilot and cluster shared scale development are conducive to further exerting its effectiveness in helping rural revitalization.
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