外资企业为中国深化改革和扩大开放、推动技术进步和产业升级等发挥重要作用,研究外资企业的空间演化及升级路径对于中国更好吸引高质量外资具有重要意义。文章基于企业动态演化的视角,以1992—2022年新加坡在华投资企业（以下简称“新资企业”）为研究对象,采用核密度估计、局域Getis-Ord Gi*指数和Apriori数据挖掘算法分别探讨了新资企业在华的时空演化特征及产业升级路径。研究结果表明：①新资企业主要集中分布在环渤海地区、珠三角地区、长三角地区等沿海发达地区,演化方向上呈现出自北向南、由环渤海地区向长三角地区和珠三角地区聚集的趋势。②新资企业进入热点向长三角地区集聚,而退出热点则集中在环渤海和福建沿海地区,同时投资趋势从低附加值的劳动密集型产业转变为高附加值技术或知识密集型产业。③长三角地区在批发零售、运输仓储、软件信息、科学研究、商业及法律服务和房地产的产业关联强度较为稳定且紧密度上升,珠三角地区的产业关联在整体上发展较为均衡但没有关联稳定且保持紧密的产业集群,而环渤海地区的产业集群稳定性较差。
Foreign-invested enterprises have played an important role in deepening reform,promoting technological progress and industrial upgrading in China. It is of great significance to study the spatial evolution and upgrading path of foreign-invested enterprises for China to better attract foreign investment in the future. Based on the perspective of dynamic evolution of enterprises, the paper takes Singapore-invested enterprises in China from 1992 to 2022 as the study subject,and uses Kernel Density,Getis-Ord Gi* and Apriori to explore the spatio-temporal characteristics and industrial upgrading path of foreign-invested enterprises in China. The results show that: 1) Singapore-invested enterprises are mainly distributed in coastal developed regions, such as the Bohai Rim, the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta,the agglomeration areas expand from the northern China to the southern China,and from the Bohai Rim to the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. 2) The Hotspots map illustrates that new Singapore-invested enterprises are concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta,while exited enterprises are concentrated in the Bohai Rim and coastal area of Fujian Province. Meanwhile, the investment trend is changing from the low value-added, labor-intensive industries to the high value-added,technology and knowledge-intensive industries. 3) In the Yangtze River Delta,the industrial linkage intensities are stable and increasing in wholesale and retail, transportation and warehousing,software information,scientific research,business and legal services,and real estate. The industrial linkage intensities are relatively balanced in the Pearl River Delta, with no stable and close industrial agglomerations. In the Bohai Rim,the industrial agglomeration stability is poor.
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