准确刻画产业空间格局是认识区域状况、制定区域政策,进而促进区域经济协调发展的重要基础工作,产业空间重心是判断产业空间格局尤其是空间转移的重要指征。文章在经典的重心模型基础上,改进了重心分解模型,根据1987—2017年的中国省级多区域投入产出表,刻画了改革开放以来中国产业空间重心的整体移动路径,着重分析了劳动密集型、资本密集型和技术密集型三类制造业的空间重心变化并从省级空间单元的角度分析其背后的驱动力。研究表明：30年来中国整体经济重心向西南方向移动,其中制造业重心的移动幅度在不同时期差异较大,经历了先西南后东南再西南的移动过程;劳动密集型制造业重心向南偏西移动,1987—1992年向西移动幅度最大,2012—2017年向南移动幅度最大;资本密集型和技术密集型制造业重心均向南偏西移动,1987—1992年二者向西向南移动幅度均最大。

Accurately characterizing the industrial spatial pattern is an important basic work to understand the regional situation,formulate regional policies,and promote the coordinated development of regional economy. The industrial spatial gravity center is an important indication to judge the industrial spatial pattern,especially the spatial shift. This article uses China's provincial-level multi-regional input-output table from 1987 to 2017,combined with the gravity center model and improved decomposition model to sort out the shift of China's industrial spatial gravity center since the reform and opening up. Then focuses on the changes in the spatial gravity center of labor-intensive,capital-intensive,and technology-intensive manufacturing industries and analyzes the driving forces from the perspective of provinces. The results show that China's overall economic gravity center has moved toward the southwest in the past 30 years,and the variation of manufacturing gravity center varies greatly in different periods,which has experienced a migration process of southwest,then southeast,and then southwest. The gravity center of labor-intensive manufacturing moved toward the direction of south and west,with the largest migration to the west in 1987-1992 and to the south in 2012-2017; the gravity centers of both capital-intensive and technology-intensive manufacturing moved toward the direction of south and west. Regardless of longitude or latitude,the shift amplitude is the largest from 1987 to 1992.