我国集中连片特困地区虽已脱贫,但还面临着相对贫困和返贫风险等问题,应更多地关注脱贫地区的文化和社会贫困,以及旅游减贫脱贫的稳定性。立足于多维减贫、稳定脱贫的目标,从经济、人力、文化、医疗多维视角,构建旅游减贫效率评价指标体系,运用超效率SBM模型测度罗霄山片区21个脱贫县域2014—2020年旅游减贫效率值,并采用 ESDA空间数据分析方法揭示该片区旅游减贫效率的时空格局演变特征。研究表明：罗霄山片区旅游减贫效率整体处于中等水平,呈上升趋势;空间具有集聚性,呈“中高西低”分布,形成了以江西省章贡区、于都县等为代表的高值簇和以湖南省炎陵县、桂东县为代表的低值簇;随时间演变,旅游减贫效率的空间差异性有所增大。旅游减贫产出值高并不意味着旅游减贫效率值高,应着力提高旅游业投入要素的利用水平,推进巩固拓展脱贫成果与乡村振兴的有效衔接。
The poverty-stricken areas in our country have been lifted out of poverty,but it still faces some problems such as relative poverty and the risk of returning to poverty. We should pay more attention to the cultural and social poverty of poverty-stricken areas,as well as the stability of tourism poverty reduction. Based on the goal of multi-dimensional poverty reduction and stable poverty alleviation,this article builds the evaluation index system of tourism poverty reduction efficiency from the multidimensional perspectives of economy,manpower,culture and medical care. The super-efficiency SBM model is used to measure the efficiency value of tourism reduction in 21 poverty-relief counties (cities and districts) in Luoxiao Mountain area from 2013 to 2019, and the ESDA spatial data analysis method is used to reveal the spatial and temporal pattern evolution characteristics of tourism poverty reduction efficiency in this area. The results show that the poverty reduction efficiency of tourism in Luoxiao Mountain area is at a medium level as a whole,and shows an upward trend. It shows the characteristics of spatial concentration and uneven distribution which is higher in the middle of Luoxiao Mountain area than in the west,high-value clusters distribute in Zhanggong District and Yudu County of Jiangxi Province and low-value clusters distribute in Yanling County and Guidong County of Hunan Province. The spatial difference of tourism poverty reduction efficiency has increased over time. The high output value does not mean the high efficiency value of tourism poverty reduction. Efforts should be made to improve the utilization level of tourism input factors,and promote the effective connection between consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty reduction and Rural Revitalization.
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