农牧企业作为农牧业空间的载体和市场主体,其区位特征与影响因素识别对优化高原农牧业布局、保护生态安全具有重要意义。基于2011、2021年的农牧企业数据,采用核密度估计与空间自相关分析青海、西藏的农牧企业空间格局演变,引入逐步回归模型从市域和县域尺度探究其影响因素。研究发现：①青藏农牧企业2011—2021年迅速增长,始终呈集聚分布态势,集中于西藏“一江两河”和青海“湟水谷地”“黄河谷地”地区。②2011、2021年青藏农牧企业均有显著的空间集聚性和依赖性。时序演变上,青藏农牧企业的空间集聚程度和依赖性减弱,呈现空间扩散趋势。③青藏农牧企业分布影响因子的作用强度因尺度而异,市域尺度上人口密度对其分布有显著正向影响;县域尺度上第一产业增加值、在校中学生数、人口密度、路网密度、高程、区域GDP等6个因素均呈现正向作用。④采用地理加权回归分析农牧企业分布影响因素在县域尺度空间作用差异,发现路网密度和在校中学生数对全部县域农牧企业分布均呈正向影响,而高程均呈负向影响;人口密度的影响在青海中东部县不明显甚至呈现负向,在西藏及青海中西部县呈正向,尤以西藏东南及西北部正向作用显著。
As the carrier and market subject of the agricultural and animal husbandry industry,the identification of the location and influencing factors of agriculture and animal husbandry enterprises is of great significance to optimize the regional industrial spatial layout and rationally allocate resources. Based on the data of agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises in 2011 and 2021,this article analyzes the spatial evolution of agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises in Qinghai and Tibet by using the kernel density and the spatial autocorrelation,and uses the stepwise regression model to explore its influencing factors at the municipal and county levels. The findings are as follows: 1) Agriculture and animal husbandry enterprises in Qinghai-Tibet grew rapidly from 2011 to 2021,and they were always in the form of agglomeration,concentrated in the areas of "the Yarlung Zangbo River,the Lasa River and the Nianchu River" in Tibet and "Huangshui Valley" "Yellow River Valley" in Qinghai. 2) In 2011 and 2021,the agriculture and animal husbandry enterprises have significant spatial agglomeration and dependence. From the perspective of time sequence evolution,the degree of spatial agglomeration and dependence of agriculture and animal husbandry enterprises weakened and showed a trend of diffusion layout. 3) Under the control of other variables,the population density at the municipal level has a significant positive impact on the distribution of agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises,it has a significant positive impact on the influencing factors which are the added value of the primary industry,the number of middle school students,population density,road network density,elevation and regional GDP at the county level. 4) Four influencing factors,namely road network density,students in middle schools,population density and elevation,are selected from the influencing factors of the distribution of agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises at the county level for GWR regression analysis. The results show that the road network density and students in middle schools have positive effect on the distribution of agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises in all counties,while the elevation has a negative effect. The influence of population density is not obvious or even negative in the central and eastern counties of Qinghai,but positive in Tibet and the central and western counties of Qinghai.
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