Economic geography research is going through the process of the research objects from economic activities to regional development; research perspective from causes and mechanism interpretation of economic activity process pattern to economic analysis of regional comprehensive development; study area from administrative area, azimuth area, type area and policy area gradually expanding to geographic unit area dominated by natural geographic units or natural system units. In recent years, geographical unit regions such as delta, bay area and river basin have been playing an increasingly prominent role in optimizing the development and protection pattern of territorial space, the changes of region types having been changing the regional components, the interaction between elements and between subregions, and the role of the region in larger scale regions and so on, which will have a substantial impact on the feasibility of revealing basic scientific laws, the direction of major research breakthroughs, the difficulty level of solving scientific problems, and the strategy of realizing regional development regulation and optimization through governance. In order to adapt to this change of the regional research units, this paper proposes a general paradigm for high quality regional development research based on geographical units, which means systematically analyzing the functional orientation of geographical units in maintaining the overall sustainable development pattern of the whole country or large regions, the new human-nature system coupling relationship of geographical units endowed by the requirement of ecological civilization construction in the new period, internal differentiation and spatial organization mode of geographical units. With this paradigm, on the basis of comparative analysis of the difference in development conditions between the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze river basin, this paper discusses the characteristics of ecological protection and high quality development in the Yellow River basin, tring to make a preliminary study on the subject innovation for the economic geography with Chinese characteristics to better adapt to the changes of regional research objects and regional development goals, providing a reference for China's major regional development strategy in the New Era.
This paper used the spatial buffer analysis and Tobit model to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of spatial distribution of headquarters of listed firms in Beijing in 2015. Research indicated that: 1) The spatial distribution of headquarters of listed firms in Beijing was relatively concentrated. It was more even in the East-West direction,while in the North-South direction, the number of headquarters of listed firms in north of Chang'an Street was obviously more than that in south of Chang'an Street. The headquarters of listed firms within the fifth ring road distributed along the ring roads roughly, and showed distance decay characteristics. While headquarters of listed firms outside the fifth ring road extended along the radial highways to the suburbs. 2) Headquarters of listed firms of the same industry in Beijing tended to agglomerate. The distribution of headquarters of manufacturing listed firms was similar to that of the whole headquarters of listed firms. The distance decay characteristics of headquarters of manufacturing listed firms was more obvious. In addition,the spatial distribution of headquarters of listed firms of information transmission,software and information technology service industry (hereinafter referred to information industry) was highly concentrated. 3)It was found that the spatial distribution of headquarters of listed firms in Beijing was mainly affected by the factors such as location (within the second ring road,or between the second ring road and the fourth ring road),agglomeration, the number of employees in productive service industry and the distance to the nearest"985" institutions. 4) Comparing to different industries,we could find that the spatial distribution of headquarters of manufacturing listed firms was more influenced by factors about agglomeration and the policy factor. The distribution of headquarters of information listed firms was more influenced by factors about the distance to Tian'anmen and the nearest "985" institutions.
For a long time, developing countries represented by China have been on the edge of the world and passively integrated into economic globalization. With the proposal of the Belt and Road Initiative, China is gradually changing its way of participating in economic globalization and is actively promoting the establishment of a more inclusive economic globalization. Based on the data of the relationship between China and the countries along the Belt and Road Initiative and the attribute data of the host country in 2014-2017, this paper constructs an evaluation system considering the relationship and the characteristics of the host country, focusing on the spatio-temporal distribution differences of each factor. Through the cluster analysis of the investment environment of each country, the countries along the Belt and Road Initiative are divided into 6 categories. The principal component analysis method is used to grade the investment environment of countries along the Belt and Road Initiative. The results indicate that China should continue to consolidate trade and investment links among major trading partners and explore potential investment opportunities, strengthen cooperation and achieve connectivity among some countries in West Asia, North Africa, Western Europe and Central Asia.
The aviation network composed of nodes (airports) and links (airlines) represents the spatial accessibility and connectivity of cities, which is of great significance in describing spatial relationships in regional scale. Using the global aviation network data in 2016, this paper attempts to use the complex network model to analyze the connectivity characteristics and community identification of the world city network, aiming to deepen the understanding for the research of hierarchical system and structure of the world city network and provide the new research perspective for extant research. It's shown that: firstly, the pattern of world urban network based on the aviation network has obvious hierarchical characteristics and high-level cities are highly concentrated in Western Europe, North America and East Asia. The cities with superior geographical location and important aviation transit ability, such as Moscow, Dubai, Anchorage and other cities, have relatively higher ranks. Then, 13 communities with the characteristic of that "closely linked within community and less connected among communities", including the 8 large communities basically covering the whole world and 5 small ones, are identified using the community mining algorithm. Although most countries belong to the same community as a whole, the boundary of nearly all 8 large communities has clearly surpassed the national boundary. Aviation network is an important measure index of the urban linkage. Cities studied in this paper cover almost all the cities in the world, rather than just the major cities which would lead to neglect the linkages between major cities with non-major cities as in the earlier study. Therefore, it is possible to describe the global urban linkage pattern and network structure more comprehensively.
With the deepening of anti-poverty practice in China, rural poverty has been greatly improved under the income dimension. However, the poverty incidence rate measured by income poverty line cannot fully reflect the implementation effect of China's anti-poverty policies, and it leads the local governments to excessively pursue the number of poverty alleviation while neglecting the quality. Fortunately, measuring the poverty situation in China from the multidimensional perspective can effectively overcome the above two problems. Using the analytical framework of the global multidimensional poverty index and based on the annual sample survey data of CFPS, this paper studies the dynamic changes of the overall multidimensional poverty situation in China, and finds that both the multidimensional poverty index and the incidence of multidimensional poverty in China are decreasing year by year, but the change of poverty intensity is not obvious. Overall, the living standards of the poor are improving, but the dropout rate of school-age children has risen sharply. Safe drinking water and cooking fuel also contributed significantly.
This paper analyzes the impact of macro tax burden, indirect tax burden and direct tax burden on the consumption of different income groups based on the panel data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2002 to 2017. We use the panel threshold regression method and the income of urban and rural residents as the threshold variable to analyze data. The results show that: for urban residents' consumption, macro tax burden has a significant dual threshold crowding out effect on urban residents' consumption, but insignificant for high-income groups. Indirect tax burden has nonlinear dual threshold effect on urban residents' consumption, while the direct tax burden has a single threshold effect on the consumption of urban residents. For the consumption of rural residents, the macro tax burden has a nonlinear effect, but both direct tax burden and indirect tax burden have a single threshold crowding -out effect on the consumption of rural residents.
Under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative, high-speed railway takes an important role in speeding the regional development and globalization. In order to give a insight interpretation of the effect of high-speed railway on development of economic and give a reference for the planning and layout of high-speed railway, this paper focus on the research about the accessibility of cities and the spatial pattern of economic connection along the "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed railway. The accessibility model and gravity model are proposed to analyze the accessibility of cities and the spatial pattern of economic connection, respectively. And the ArcGIS spatial analysis method is presented to compare these two indicators among different areas of China. Finally, three important conclusions are derived from the analysis. First, after the opening of "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed rails, the overall regional accessibility get a great promotion, especially for the cities along the high-speed railways, which makes the passenger flow more balance. Furthermore, the accessibility of different areas are different. The accessibilities are increase from west to east. And the highest accessibility cities are located along the high-speed railway in North China and the middle and lower of Yangtze River. The lower accessibility cities are located along the high-speed railway in mountains and plateau of Midwest China. Second, the total quantity of economic connection of the cities along the "four vertical" high-speed railways in China are higher than those in the "four-horizontal" high-speed railway stations. And, the total quantity of economic connection of east is much higher than the quantity of the midlands and south of the cities along the high-speed railway. Third, the "four vertical and four horizontal" network of high-speed railway strengthens the economic connection of the second-and third-tier cities and forms a special pattern of the economic dependency of the adjacent cities and the central city.
The spatial characteristics and spatial effect of industrial pollution agglomeration in Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration were analyzed by spatial analyst technology and spatial econometric model from 2010 to 2017. The results show that: 1) The agglomeration of industrial pollution has the characteristics of spatial differentiation of "high center and low edge" and "high north and low south". The high-value and low-value areas of industrial pollution agglomeration are basically stable, and it has characteristics of "path dependence". 2) The spatial characteristics of industrial pollution agglomeration has significant positive spatial correlation. The hot spots and sub-hot spots of industrial pollution concentration are mainly concentrated in the industrial core counties under the jurisdiction of Lanzhou and Xining, while the cold spots and sub-cold spots are mainly concentrated in the underdeveloped industries counties under the jurisdiction of Baiyin, Dingxi, Linxia and Haidong. 3) Industrial pollution agglomeration has the effect of spatial spillover. Industrial pollution agglomeration is positively correlated with population density, level of economic development, industrial agglomeration and industrial structure, and it is negatively correlated with technological level. 4)Industrial pollution agglomeration is not only affected by its population density, level of economic development, technological level, industrial agglomeration and industrial structure, but also affected by the industrial pollution agglomeration pattern and its influencing factors in neighboring counties through spatial spillover effect. Our study suggests that all counties in Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration need to strengthen the coordination of industrial projects development, promote the joint prevention and control of pollution, and advance the industrial green transition.
Based on the panel data of haze pollution in cities at prefecture level and above from 1998 to 2015, the pollution path, spatial and temporal evolution characteristics, spatial spillover effect and influencing factors of haze pollution are discussed based on Moran index, Getis-Ord index G, STIRPAT and space lag SAR models. The results are as follows. The haze pollution in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 1998 to 2015 shows a fluctuating trend, and its geographic gradient distribution is roughly "Jianghuai City Group>Wuhan City Circle>Overall Average> Chang-Zhu-Tan City Group> Poyang Lake City Group". Haze pollution showed a significant positive correlation in geographic space, with Wuhan and Hefei as the center for the "hot spot" gathering area, Nanchang and Pingxiang as the center for the "cold spot" gathering area. The haze pollution shows significant time-dependent characteristics and spatial spillover effects. Industrial agglomeration and urbanization are the main reasons for the significant aggravation of haze pollution, while economic agglomeration and population agglomeration significantly reduce haze pollution. Finally, the government and enterprises should adjust the proportion of R&D investment, speed up the establishment of a cross-regional cooperative system to reduce the adverse effects of haze pollution.
County governance, everywhere harmony. This study takes Zhijin county of Guizhou as a case study, which has a rapid urbanization speed and has become one of the top 100 counties in China from a national-level poverty-stricken county. Based on the five-year urbanization data from the two aspects of population and land, this paper studies the impact of returning migrant workers on the urban-townization process of counties in the karst plateau mountain region from the three levels of village-township-county, and draws the following conclusions: 1) Returning rural migrant workers are the main part of county urban-townization. At the present stage, it is difficult to return to the villages, and there are some group characteristics of the first generation of migrant workers, such as 'Young men leave home and do not return until they are old'. 2)Returning rural migrant workers have a positive impact on the process of urban-townization in the county, which is manifested in the spatial spillover effect in the big city of the county and in the towns, as well as the different spatial effects, fully reflecting the process of characteristic urban-townization in mountainous areas of Guizhou, it is the local and nearby urbanization of returning migrant workers in counties of mountainous areas on the karst plateau. 3)Administration-driven modes, transport-driven modes and industrial-driven modes are the three spillover modes of rural migrant workers' backflow in the karst plateau and the spatial effect of urban-townization in counties.
The impact of simulated urban agglomeration land use change on ecosystem services values has important practical significance for urban agglomeration land use planning and ecosystem service protection. Taking the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration in the process of rapid urbanization as the research object, this paper predicts the influence of the land use change of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration on ecosystem services values under 3 scenarios of benchmark, cultivated land protection and ecological protection by comprehensively using the future land use simulation model and the ecosystem service value calculation method. The results show that:1) During the period of 1995-2015, the construction land area of urban agglomeration showed an increasing trend, and other land use types showed a decreasing trend. This land use change pattern led to a decline in the value of ecosystem services. The expansion factors of urban agglomeration which affect the value of ecosystem services are mainly transportation accessibility and topography. 2) Under the simulation of 3 scenarios of baseline scenario, cultivated land protection scenario and ecological protection, the land use change of urban agglomeration in 2030 is characterized by the large increase of construction land scale, the increase of 218 km2, 167 km2 and 212 km2, respectively, Changsha County, Zhuzhou County and Xiangtan County, which will become the agglomeration area of construction land expansion. 3) The value of individual ecosystem services declined more significantly under the baseline scenario during 2030, but cultivated land protection scenarios and ecological protection scenarios, as a complement to and optimization of baseline scenarios, can enhance the value of ecosystem services.
From the perspective of Marine innovation process, the regional innovation system theory is horizontally stretched. Combined with the theory of the interrelationship between government and market, the concept of marine innovation is defined, and then the evaluation index system of marine innovation based on marine innovation resources, marine innovation mechanism and marine innovation performance is constructed. Based on the relevant data of 11 coastal provinces and cities (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in China from 2001 to 2016, this paper discusses the spatial disequilibrium pattern and causes of marine innovation level in China's coastal regions by using subjective and objective comprehensive weighting method and Dagum Gini coefficient method.The results show that: (1) In the period of investigation, China's marine innovation level shows a trend of fluctuating growth in time and an unbalanced three-pole pattern in spatial distribution.(2) According to the Dagum Gini coefficient measuring results, the total regional disparity of China's marine innovation level shows a trend of fluctuating decline; Intraregional disparities are the main source of total disparity. (3) The spatial disequilibrium pattern results from three aspects: the large disparity in innovation resource endowment, insufficient vitality of innovative institutional and the low practice of marine innovation principles. On this basis, policy implications are offered to improve coordination of marine innovation level in China's coastal regions.
This paper selects 26 indicators from resource,economy,society,environment and science and technology to construct a sustainable development index system for coal resources. Using entropy method and coupling coordination degree method to analyze the dynamic difference and coupling coordination degree of coal resources sustainable development in 25 coal provinces of China from 2010 to 2017. The results show that: 1) From the perspective of sustainable development of coal resources,the comprehensive index of sustainable development in 2010 and 2017 is 0.3178 and 0.3725 respectively,showing an overall upward trend. There is a downward trend in 2014 compared with 2013,and the composite index has steadily increased since 2015. 2) From the perspective of various systems development,the development trend of science and technology and environmental systems in 2010-2012 is good,with steady growth over the years. Resources and economic systems have experienced the development trend of rising first,then falling and falling first then rising,respectively,while the social system has a downward trend for a year. The development trend of the five systems after 2012 is rising steadily. 3) From the perspective of system coupling and coordination development,the coupling coordination degree of China's coal resources in 2010 and 2017 is 0.5014 and 0.5421,respectively,and the coefficient of variation is 0.1213 and 0.1139 respectively. This indicates that the degree of coupling coordination of five systems of coal resources is increasing,while the difference of development among provinces is gradually decreasing. However,the overall development speed of the whole country is relatively slow,and the coordination ability between the systems needs to be continuously strengthened to further promote the sustainable and coordinated development of coal resources.
Human capital plays a decisive role in the spatial distribution of industry. Because of the difference in the spatial distribution of human capital, the industrial agglomeration ability of different regions is different. Therefore, studying the relationship between human capital and industrial spatial transfer from the perspective of spatial difference of human capital can provide a theoretical explanation for the reasons why the eastern industry is difficult to transfer to the central or western regions and the policy of regional coordinated development with little effect. Empirical analysis based on urban data shows that the increase of human capital share can effectively promote the increase of regional industrial share. After solving the reverse causal relationship between human capital and industrial spatial distribution, the role of human capital in promoting industrial agglomeration remains stable. While human capital is still concentrated in the eastern region, the eastern manufacturing and cultural industries are naturally difficult to transfer to the central and Western regions. The central and western regions should regard the human capital policy as the core part of the industrial policy. Improving the human capital stock in the central and western regions is an effective countermeasure to promote the industrial transfer to the central and Western regions.
Innovation is the first driving force for development and the strategic support for rural revitalization. Through the establishment of rural comprehensive innovation capability evaluation index system, the multiple correlation coefficient method is used to measure the rural innovation capability level of 86 counties units in Gansu Province, then analyzed spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors. The results show: 1) the overall level of rural innovation capacity in Gansu Province is low, and the counties with the strongest comprehensive innovation capability are Liangzhou District, Ganzhou District and Minqin County; 2) the counties with the strongest innovation input capacity in rural areas are Liangzhou District, Minqin County and Huining County; the counties with the strongest innovation support capacity are Liangzhou District, Jingyuan County and Ganzhou District; the counties with the strongest innovation output capacity are Ganzhou District, Suzhou District and Akesai County; 3) there is a significant positive correlation in the level of rural innovation capability in Gansu Province. Counties (districts and cities) with high and low rural innovation capacity tend to cluster and distribute in space; 4) the innovation ability of rural areas in Gansu Province is obviously high in the north and low in the south. 5) There are significant spatial heterogeneity in the influencing factors of rural innovation ability in Gansu Province. The human capital, infrastructure construction level and informatization level have obvious positive effects on rural innovation ability.Based on the above results, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to improve the rural innovation capability of Less-Developed Areas.
The Virtual Cultivated Land Flow Model is constructed with the minimum transportation cost as the objective function from the perspective of the ecological network architecture, the OD matrix analysis method in spatial analysis is used to solve the equations. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the flow pattern of virtual cultivated land at the interprovincial and interregional levels through the relationship matrix from 2001 to 2015. This paper also explores the stability and sustainability of virtual cultivated land flow pattern network by using the idea of ecological network security system evaluation. The results show that: 1) At the interregional level of the virtual cultivated land flow pattern, Northeast, Central China and North China were the main outflow areas of virtual cultivated land flow. Among them, the virtual cultivated land of Northeast China mainly flowed to East and North China. The virtual cultivated land of Central China mainly flowed to South and North China. South, North and East China were the main inflow areas of virtual cultivated land in China. Among them, the inputs of East, North and East China mainly came from the Northeast, and that of South mainly came from the Northeast and Central China.2) At the interprovincial level of the virtual cultivated land flow pattern, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Henan and Anhui were the main net outflow provinces of virtual cultivated land, and the sum of the outflow accounted for 83.539% of the total outflow. Among them, the virtual cultivated land of Heilongjiang mainly flowed to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Beijing; the virtual cultivated land of Jilin mainly flowed to Beijing and Zhejiang; the virtual cultivated land of Inner Mongolia mainly flowed to Shanxi and Guangdong; and the virtual cultivated land of Henan's virtual cultivated land mainly flowed to Guangdong. Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Fujian were the main virtual cultivated land net inflows provinces of cultivated land, and the ratio of the net inflow to the total inflow was 65.471%. Among them, the inputs of Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai were mainly from Heilongjiang and Jilin, the inputs of Zhejiang was mainly from the three provinces, and that of Guangdong was mainly from Henan, and Fujian was mainly from Heilongjiang. 3) Stability results. The number of channels in the virtual cultivated land flow pattern network system remained stable on the whole, mostly was 15. The degree of aggregation and redundancy of the system showed a fluctuating upward trend. The utilization rate of the system network was on the rise, and the idle rate of the system network was on the decline. The network system indicators showed that the stability of the network system formed by the virtual cultivated land flow of the main agricultural products in China had gradually increased during the research period.
This paper systematically studies the process of differentiation of adaptation behavior, the state of adaptation result, the difference of adaptation ability and the influencing factors of farmers and herdsmen adapting to climate warming and drying, urbanization, ecological engineering and tourism development, and quantitatively discriminates the logical relationship among farmers and herdsmen's adaptation ability, adaptation behavior and adaptation result, summarizes the evolution mechanism of farmers and herdsmen's adaptation, and draws the basic conclusions: 1)Climate warming and drying, urbanization, ecological engineering and tourism development lead to the decline of agricultural and animal husbandry production function in Damao Banner, which is the cause and motive force for farmers and herdsmen to adapt. 2)Under the internal motivation of rational choice, farmers and herdsmen have changed their adaptive behavior from traditional farming and animal husbandry production to non-traditional farming and animal husbandry production. At this stage, they have formed five types of adaptive behavior subjects: pure farmers, pure herdsmen, agriculture and animal husbandry, work-oriented and tourism participation. 3)The difference of adaptability is the fundamental reason for the differentiation of farmers' and herdsmen's adaptation behavior, which has a significant impact on the results of farmers' and herdsmen's adaptation. The order of adaptability from high to low is: tourism participation type, pure herdsman type, agriculture and animal husbandry type, work-oriented type and pure farmer type. 4)The top six obstacles to improving the adaptability of farmers and herdsmen are: low proportion of adult labor force, low per capita annual income of households, insufficient arable land or grassland area, underdeveloped social network and small number of livestock;The main obstacles to improving the adaptability of different types of farmers and herdsmen are different. Pure peasant households have low per capita annual income and insufficient arable land per capita. Pure herdsmen are underdeveloped social networks and low per capita annual income. The combination of agriculture and animal husbandry is characterized by low per capita annual income of families and low proportion of adult labor force. The social network is underdeveloped and the education level is low.
Based on the statistical data of livestock and poultry breeding and crop yield in province-level in China during 2005 and 2014, this paper calculate the regional nitrogen nutrient supply of livestock manure, the nitrogen requirements of plant and the regional livestock carrying capacity in three scenarios under the perspective of planting-breeding balance. And then the risk coefficient of China's regional livestock carrying capacity of farmland is constructed for the regionalization study. The results show that the demand of livestock manure and plants can not reach the equilibrium state of planting and breeding in most provinces of China. There is regional risk in the livestock carrying capacity of farmland in China. And there exists demarcation line between the potential regions and the risk regions, it in line with the Hu Huanyong Line, precipitation lines of 800 millimeters and the Livestock and Poultry Line. Based on the above risk analysis, it is suggested that the development of livestock and poultry industry should be determined by land absorption capacity. And various farmland protection and subsidy mechanisms should be established for guiding the development of livestock and poultry industry and the resource utilization of livestock manure.
With the methods of spatial clustering analysis and time series analysis, combined with GIS technology, the study aims to analyze the spatio-temporal changes and regulation pathway of crop planting structures in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area in the past three decades in terms of planting structure types and the changes of planting proportions. The result shows that: 1) a total of 12 types of crop planting structures emerged from 1987 to 2016, and the type of planting structure changed in a total of 22 districts, which means that the abundance of regional planting structure type has been on the rise and the crop planting structure has diversified from a single type of double-season rice into a pluralistic structure. 2) In the past 30 years, the proportion of crop planting has changed greatly. The proportion of double-season rice declined the most while the proportion of vegetables increased the most. In 1987 there were altogether 3 types of crop whose planting ratio is of significant HH agglomeration characteristics. Among them, the double-season rice and the oil-bearing crop exhibited contiguous distribution of HH accumulation zones; in 2016, there were a total of 4 crops in the region showing HH agglomeration characteristics. Among them, the double-season rice, oil-bearing crop, and vegetables exhibited contiguous distribution of HH accumulation zones. This paper suggests that realizing the diversification of the internal elements of the combined planting types, it is advisable to reduce the single planting structure type and appropriately increase the types of combined planting structure so that, under the premise of ensuring the rice planting area, the proportion of crop planting with local characteristics can be improved.
Based on the perspective of cyclic economy, ecological performance level and spatiotemporal difference feature of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area including 13 cities are measured using SBM super-efficiency model from 2003 to 2015. Meanwhile, panel Tobit and random effect model are applied to regression analysis of the influence factors of ecological performance. The conclusions are as follows: 1) Cangzhou and Tangshan keep on the production frontiers during the period of study consistently and Beijing, Shijiazhuang are further beneath the production frontiers, having a large room for improving urban ecological performance. 2) Fluctuation of absolute difference change and relative difference change is large with consistent trend of change and transparent feature of periodic change. Difference takes on an amplified trend in recent two years. Districts with a higher level of ecological performance of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area distribute closely to coastal areas predominantly, which has obvious difference between regions. 3) Regression analysis shows that low carbon potential, air quality and regional economic development have positive impact on the level of ecological performance, and the estimation coefficient of opening-up level is negative and significant; population pressure is a potential factor to hinder the improvement of ecological performance level.
It is of great significance to carry out early warning research on resources and environment carrying capacity for promoting regional sustainable development and coordination of human-land relationship. Based on the connotation of resources and environment carrying capacity, the early warning index system of the carrying capacity of resources and environment in Hunan Province is constructed from three aspects, which are the resources carrying capacity, the environment carrying capacity and the ecology carrying capacity. Then, the warning status of resources and environment carrying capacity in Hunan Province from 2004 to 2017 is analyzed by using GRPM model, and the warning evolution trend of resources and environment carrying capacity in Hunan Province from 2018 to 2022 is predicted by using RBFNN model. The results show that: 1) Overall, the grey correlation projection value of resources and environment carrying capacity warning in Hunan Province fluctuating downward, and the warning degree decreases from "heavy warning " (orange lamp) to "medium warning" (yellow lamp) in 2004-2017; the grey correlation projection value will further fluctuating downward in 2018-2022, but the range is small, and the warning degree will keep the "medium warning" (yellow lamp).2) In terms of each subsystem, the grey correlation projection values of each subsystem of resource and environmental carrying capacity in Hunan Province decreased in 2004-2017， and the warning degree decreased from "heavy warning " (orange lamp) to "medium warning" (yellow lamp). In 2018-2022, the resource carrying capacity and ecology carrying capacity subsystem will maintain the level of "medium warning" (yellow light), the environment carrying capacity subsystem will further decline to "light warning " (blue light). 3) The main factors restricting the alleviation of resources and environment carrying capacity warning situation in Hunan Province include: per capita cultivated land area, per capita industrial added value water consumption, per capita land area SO2 emission intensity, sewage treatment rate, comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste, fertilizer application amount per unit farmland area, per capita green area of parks, proportion of the area of nature reserves in the land area, and wetland area proportion.
This paper collects relevant data for nearly 20 years, using this ways that Gini coefficient, Gravity center model, and the Granger causality test，examines the impact of tourism development on promoting the balance of regional economic development. The results are as follows:1）The growth rate of tourism has been higher than economics in the past 20 years.The total tourism revenue of the western provinces accounts for a higher proportion of the gross national product, and the growth rate of tourism is much greater than the rate of economic growth. The total tourism revenue of the eastern provinces accounts for a small proportion of the gross national product, and there is a small difference between the growth rate of tourism and the rate of economic growth.2) The imbalance of tourism development and the imbalance of economic development in 31 provinces have shown a decreasing trend, especially in tourism development. The balance between tourism and economic development has a certain degree of synchronization, but in different regions, the synchronization of both is different. 3) The balance of tourism development will affect the balance of regional economic development, The data of the past 20 years show that there is a positive correlation between the imbalance of tourism development and the imbalance of economic development in 31 provinces, central and western regions of China Mainland. With the reduction of regional differences in tourism development, tourism development in 31 provinces, central and western regions has promoted the balance of regional economic development. However, it has no significant impact on the balance of regional economic development in the eastern region.
Urban wet-land parks provide many services such as public space for environmental education and urban recreational activities to society and are becoming essential components within eco-landscapes worldwide. However, with the rapid expansion of the number of citizen visitors and teenagers visitors, the degradation of wet-land environmental quality alert that it is essential to study the pro-environmental behavior of young visitors. Based on the prior literature, this paper constructed a conceptual model to depict the relationship among reference group, attitude toward and pro-environmental behavior intention with the age as the moderating variable, and collected the first data from the visitors in Guangzhou Huizhou National Wetland Park. The test of conceptual model was conducted using the statistical software of SPSS 17.0, AMOS 17.0. the empirical results of structural equation modeling (SEM) indicate that: 1) Normative social influence and informational social influence have a significant positive impact on attitude toward and pro-environmental behavioral intention, and the positive relationship between attitude toward and pro-environmental behavioral intention is confirmed again. 2) Attitude toward plays a mediating role in the relationship between reference group influence and pro-environmental behavioral intention. 3) There are differences in the conceptual model between young visitors and adult visitors after the multiple-group analyses. Young visitors are more susceptible to normative social influence, and adult visitors are more susceptible to informational social influences. Finally, the conclusions of the study provides a theoretical basis for effectively promoting the pro-environmental behavior of visitors in different ages.
It is paramount to hold the dynamics relationship of tourism industry, technological innovation and modern financial development pattern from the perspective of synergy, which plays a fundamental role for driving the sustainable development of tourism economy, optimizing the production factors supply. To get a correct understanding, this article used the methods of LISA Time Path, Centre-of-Gravity, Coordination Degree of Composite System and GM(1,1) to discusses the spatial development state of the tourism industry, technological innovation and modern financial, measuring the collaborative degree of the composite system of the three from 2009-2017. The results show that: 1)The spatial distribution of the tourism industry, technological innovation and modern financial is moving towards equilibrium, while the tourism industry presents "spatial spillover effect", and technological innovation, modern finance are dominated by "independent effect" in the course of evolution. 2)There are differences in the dynamic transition paths of partial spatio-temporal structures among the three. The tourism industry shows a strong stability in its spatial dependence direction, while the technological innovation is weaker than that, and modern financial shows significant volatility-the changes of partial structures are actively and frequently. 3)Significant synergies of the composite system has not yet been demonstrated. Although the relative differences between provinces are gradually improving, and the spatial agglomeration effect is continuously increasing, it will still take a long time to achieve high-quality synergy in the future. 4)The collaborative pattern has undergone an evolutionary process from "messy local agglomeration distribution" to "vertical stratification", and the spatial pattern with "Hu Huanyong Line" as the dividing line was eventually formed. It is related to the economic foundation, location condition, resource background and policy dividend of each province.
Contiguous destitute areas are main battlefields of poverty alleviation of China in the new period. The paper takes Luoxiao Mountain Area as the research object, and applies DEA model and Malmquist index to measure the tourism-oriented poverty alleviation efficiency (TPAE) of 20 counties in Luoxiao Mountain Area from 2010-2014. On this basis, the determinants of TPAE are empirically tested by dynamic panel data model. The research shows that, the overall level of TPAE in Luoxiao Mountain Area is relatively low. As the policy support of national and local government to tourism industry increase gradually, TPAE in many poor counties presents improving situation, which shows that tourism-oriented poverty alleviation still has great potential. Seen from the determinants of TPAE, fiscal support, infrastructure construction and industrialization poverty alleviation have positive effect on TPAE, while relatively low education level and insufficient financial support restrain the improvement of TPAE in this area.
This study from the perceived value drivers, by comparing the empirical analysis of the influence factors of purchase intention between the online B&B short-term rental customers in China and the United States, to reveal some rules and the regional difference, which can influence the purchase intention of B&B in China and the United States. The first point is the difference of penetration, the penetration of the consumption of B&B short-term rental in the United States is higher than its in China. The second point is the difference of distribution, the distribution of B&B short-term rental in the United States is more multivariant than its in China. The third point is the difference of extent, the extent of the purchase intention impact of the perceived value drivers in China, in order "perceived trust, perceived function, perceived experience", and in the United States, in order "perceived experience, perceived trust, perceived function".
