以锡林郭勒盟南部的正蓝旗为例,采用历史文献资料及《内蒙古自治区地名志—锡林郭勒盟分册》中聚落相关数据,建立了研究区聚落名称、建村时间、人口规模、地理位置等主要聚落指标为基础数据源,结合GIS的空间分析方法,解读从聚落形成伊始到1983年期间研究区聚落的形成、分布及演变特征。结果表明：①从时间变化上看,研究区聚落以宋朝的黑城子为主要起点进行发展演变。从不同时期的聚落数量变化趋势图上看,可把聚落增长变化趋势分为三个发展阶段,分别是1955年前缓慢增长、1955—1965年高速增长及1965—1983年为负增长阶段,其中1955—1965年建村速度最快,新增加166个聚落。②从空间分布上看,研究区聚落在各个时期密度最大的区域均位于胡鲁斯台乡、哈毕日嘎乡和阿日呼布乡的东部,也是正蓝旗的西南部,依次不断向外围扩展,表明正蓝旗聚落发展具有一定的空间传承性。③从正蓝旗聚落规模等级结构的变动情况上看,牧区聚落多为牧村,规模较小,且聚落布局较为发散。由牧村的规模结构而言,研究区聚落规模可划分为四个等级。经分析表明,研究区聚落体系的规模等级结构符合城市位序—规模法则。

As the carrier of human production and life, "settlement" is rooted in the local natural geographical environment and social culture. Taking Zhenglan Banner in the southern part of Xilin Gol League as a research area, according to historical documents and the relative data of settlement in the gazetteers of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region-Xilingol League, this paper establishes the data about the name of settlement, the time of establishing village, the scale of population, and the locations . Based on the spatial analysis method of GIS, this paper analyzes the formation, distribution and evolution of settlement in the study area from 1933 to 1983. The results show that: (1) From the perspectives of time, the settlement of the study area is developed from the Heichengzi of the Song Dynasty. According to the trend of settlement quantity in different periods, the speed of village construction shows three stages: slow-growth stage before 1955, rapid-growth stage from 1955-1965 and decline stage from 1965-1983. From 1955 to 1965, it grows he fastest increasing by 166 new settlements. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the most densely populated areas in each period of the study area are located in Hulutai Township, the eastern part of Habiriga Township and Ajhubu Township, which is also the southwestern part of Zhenglan Banner, and continues to expand to the periphery. It shows that the settlement development of Zhenglan Banner has certain spatial inheritance.(3) According to the change of grade structure of settlement scale in Zhenglan Banner, the settlement in pastoral area is mostly pastoral village and has smaller scale, and the settlement layout is more divergent. According to the scale structure of pastoral villages, the settlement scale of the study area can be divided into four levels. The analysis shows that the scale grade structure of the settlement system in the study area coincides with the law of urban Rank-Size Rule.