以武汉市为案例,依据“源地—廊道—节点”的空间结构模式审视城市生态空间、构建城市生态网络：基于连通性识别和保护区提取相结合选择生态源地,采用阻力因子分析及其累积耗费距离模型提取生态廊道,通过阻力面诊断确定生态节点;武汉市生态网络包含生态源地51个、生态廊道592.82 km、生态节点7处,其相互作用形成圈层并联、枝状辐射的生态网络空间结构。在此基础上,引入“形式—内涵—意义”相统一的空间观解析城市生态空间、实施生态空间管治：以“核心区+缓冲区”划分空间边界,以法律法规与管治协议相结合管控生态空间边界;构建经常性与周期性相结合的空间利益诉求通道,重点实施纵—横一体化的生态补偿制度,以利益平衡协调生态空间关系;以政策激励有序引导适度生产经营活动,免费开放城市绿色空间,以生态网络服务拓展实现生态空间功能。
Since the rapid urbanization has posed a severe challenge to urban ecological security, the optimization of ecological network and the space governance are becoming a critical strategy to guarantee the ecological security of cities. Taking Wuhan city as the study area, this paper, on the basis of spatial structure pattern from source, corridor and node, examines urban ecological space and construct urban ecological network. The ecological sources were selected by the identification of connectivity and the extraction of protected areas. The ecological corridor was extracted by means of the resistance factor analysis and the accumulative consumption distance model, the ecological nodes were identified based on its resistance side. Therefore, the ecological network in Wuhan City includes 51 ecological sources, ecological corridor ( 592.82 km long) and 7 ecological nodes, the interaction of which forms the ecological network spatial structure shaped in circular parallel and branch-type radiation. On that basis, the viewpoint in space mutually united from form, connotation and its meaning was got involved to analyze urban ecological space and implement ecological space governance. The spatial boundary dividing the ecology district into core areas and buffer zones should be governed by laws and regulations as well as the governance agreements. The regular and periodically appeal channels should be constructed for the space interests. The ecological spatial relationship would be harmony by the balanced interest based on the vertically and horizontally integrated ecological compensation system to be implemented as the key point. The production and business activities should be appropriately guided by incentive policy and the urban green space should be opened for free to realize ecological space functions by expanding ecological network services.
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