Taking 214 districts and counties in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau from 2011 to 2023 as the research object, this article uses the methods of GIS spatio-temporal analysis, Dagum Gini coefficient, and spatio-temporal geographical weighted regression model (GTWR) to depict the spatio-temporal changes and spatial non-equilibrium of vegetation index in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and explore the influencing factors of the vegetation index in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. It’s found that: 1) In terms of temporal evolution, the vegetation index on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau showed an upward trend during the research period, and the vegetation indices increased in all provincial-level regions. The vegetation index in Yunnan, Sichuan, and Gansu was higher than the average, while the vegetation index in Qinghai, Xizang, and Xinjiang was lower than the average. 2) In terms of spatial distribution, the vegetation index in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau showed a gradient decrease from the west of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau to the east of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The low-low agglomeration of the vegetation index in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was distributed in the northwest of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and the high-high agglomeration was mainly distributed in the southeast of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The intra-regional imbalance of the vegetation index in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was stable and had spatial differentiation characteristics. The degree of intra-regional differentiation in Xizang showed an expanding trend. Inter-regional differences were the main source of the spatial differentiation of the vegetation index in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, followed by intra-regional differences, and the contribution rate of the hypervariable density spatial differentiation was the smallest. 3) In terms of influencing factors, meteorological factors such as temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration, as well as the actual evaporation amount and slope, played a promoting role in the vegetation index in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. However, elevation, soil root moisture, and population density had an inhibitory effect on the vegetation index in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
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