明晰粮食主产区农业分布空间格局,基于分区特征推动农业差异化发展具有重要理论和实践意义。文章基于2012—2021年粮食主产区所含县域单元农业发展相关数据,从效率性和公平性视角切入,探讨了中国粮食主产区的分区及差异化发展路径。结果表明：①粮食主产区农业发展的核心区位于由土地资源禀赋、生产技术要素投入、商品粮供给能力三类标准差椭圆合围的138个市域所辖的1126个县域内,其中心位于河南濮阳南乐县等地形成的三角地带。②粮食主产核心区农业发展市场空间格局呈现出十分明显的圈层特征,其中空间邻近性最强的50%圈层城市聚集在以安徽六安霍邱县等地所合围的“O”型结构区域内。③农业发展和农业人口的网络轴线呈“东北—西南”向分布,且存在以河北廊坊广阳区等为端点的“纺锤体”分离地带。进一步分析,可将粮食主产区划分为“三类五区”：最优/次优效率发展区、最优/次优公平发展区、最优平衡发展区。④效率发展区、公平发展区和平衡发展区,分别以机械化等现代要素投入、产业链延伸以及劳动力等传统要素投入等为抓手推动农业发展;依托交通运输网络、农业经济联系等多元渠道可以实现县域农业协同发展。
It is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify the spatial pattern of agricultural distribution in the main grain producing areas and promote the differentiated agricultural development based on the regional characteristics. Based on the relevant data of agricultural development of county unit in main grain producing areas from 2012 to 2021, this paper explores zones and differentiated development paths of main grain producing areas of China from the perspective of efficiency and fairness. The results show that：1) The core area of agricultural development in the main grain producing areas is located in about 1126 counties surrounded by the standard deviation ellipses of land resource endowment, production technology input and commodity grain supply capacity. Its center is located in the triangle zone formed by Nanle County, Puyang City, Henan Province. 2) The spatial pattern of its agricultural development market has circle characteristics. 50% circle cities with the strongest spatial proximity are gathered in O-shaped structure areas surrounded by Huoqiu County, Lu'an City, Anhui Province. 3) The axis of China's agricultural development and agricultural population network is distributed in a "northeast-southwest" direction, and have a "spindle" separation zone with the end point of Guangyang District, Langfang City, Hebei Province. The agricultural development of the main grain producing areas is divided into three categories and five regions: optimal/suboptimal efficiency development area, the optimal/suboptimal fairness development area, and the optimal balance development area. 4) The efficiency development zone, the fair development zone and the balanced development zone respectively promote agricultural development with modern factor input such as mechanization, industrial chain extension and traditional factor input such as labor force. Relying on multiple channels such as transportation network and agricultural economic connection, the county can realize the coordinated development of agriculture.
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