文章以湖南省122个县域为例,通过构建面向居民生活消费需求的指标体系,采用Moore指数对其进行评价,利用GWR模型分析财政支出结构和社会经济结构的11个因子对县域居民生活质量的影响,以此解构其空间分异的影响机制。结果表明：①湖南省县域居民生活消费支出分层趋势明显,发展保障型支出成为居民消费支出的主导型支出类型。同时,县域间居民消费支出结构分异显著,空间上基本保障型支出呈现由西向东递减,而发展保障型支出则呈现由东向西递减。②湖南省县域居民生活质量差异显著,质量指数评价的值域范围为[0.295,6.611],空间上团聚状特征明显且呈现由东向西逐渐递减的变化趋势。③经济性财政支出对湖南省县域居民生活质量的提升能力最大,空间模式上呈条带状由中部向东西两侧递减;服务性财政支出、民生性财政支出、人资性财政支出和维持性财政支出的正向影响能力依次递减,且均呈现差异化的空间模式变化趋势;经济发展差异正向影响湖南省居民生活质量的能力最大且空间模式上呈现由东部向西部递减的变化趋势;产业结构差异、教育公平差异、就业水平差异和市场规模差异的正向提升能力依次递减。
Taking 122 counties in Hunan Province as an example, this paper builds an index system for residents' living consumption demand, and uses the Moore index to evaluate it. It uses GWR model to analyze the influence of 11 factors of fiscal expenditure structure and social economic structure on the life quality of residents, so as to deconstruct the influence mechanism of spatial differentiation. The results show that: 1) There is an obvious trend of stratification of the living consumption expenditure of residents in counties of Hunan Province, and the development security expenditure has become the dominant expenditure type of residents' consumption expenditure. At the same time, there are significant differences in the structure of residents’ consumption expenditure among counties, and the basic security expenditure in space decreases from the west of Hunan to the east of Hunan, while the development security expenditure decreases from the east of Hunan to the west of Hunan. 2) The life quality of residents in Hunan Province varies significantly, and the value range of the quality index evaluation is [0.295,6.611]. The characteristics of spatial agglomeration are obvious and show a trend of decreasing gradually from the east of Hunan to the west of Hunan. 3) Economic fiscal expenditure has the greatest ability to improve the life quality of residents in Hunan Province, and shows the strip-shape spatial distribution which decreases from the middle of Hunan to the east and the west of Hunan. The positive influence capacity of service fiscal expenditure, people's livelihood fiscal expenditure, human capital fiscal expenditure and maintenance fiscal expenditure decrease successively, and all show a trend of differentiated spatial mode change. The ability of economic development difference positively affects the life quality of residents in Hunan Province and shows the decreasing trend from the east of Hunan to the west of Hunan. The positive improvement ability of the differences in industrial structure, educational equity, employment level and market size decreases successively.
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