充分尊重农民主体意愿是宅基地三权分置的基本原则。如何增强农民参与宅基地三权分置的意愿成为一个重要问题。文章基于浙江德清与湖南浏阳的调查数据,采用内生处理效应模型,基于预期收益、机会成本、交易成本、公平偏好的视角,检验了部分配套措施对农民宅基地三权分置响应意愿的影响。结果表明：①宅基地使用权线上交易平台通过大幅降低交易成本,极大提升了农民宅基地三权分置响应意愿。②宅基地有偿使用通过降低农民参与宅基地三权分置的机会成本,显著增强了其响应意愿。③当前宅基地有偿退出补偿没有达到农民预期,从而对其宅基地三权分置响应意愿影响效应不明显。④当前宅基地民主管理机制没有充分满足农民的公平偏好,对其宅基地三权分置响应意愿的影响较小。因此,增强宅基地三权分置的农民参与意愿,需要提高宅基地有偿退出标准和优化补偿方式,加强宅基地民主管理机制的公开、公正、公平,稳步推进宅基地有偿使用和闲置收费的制度建设,建立健全宅基地使用权等农村产权线上交易平台。
Fully respecting the farmers' main willingness is the basic principle of reform of the separation of the three rights of homesteads (RSTRH). It has become an important issue that how to enhance the willingness of farmers to participate in RSTRH. Based on survey data from Deqing, Zhejiang Province and Liuyang, Hunan Province, this paper examines the impacts of some measures on farmers' willingness to participate in RSTRH by using an endogenous treatment effect regression based on the perspectives of expected benefits, opportunity costs, transaction costs, and fairness preferences. The results show that: 1) The online trading platform for residential land use rights has greatly enhanced the farmers' willingness to participate in RSTRH by significantly reducing the transaction costs. 2) Reimbursable use of homesteads significantly increases farmers' willingness to participate in RSTRH by lowering their opportunity costs of participating. 3) The current compensation for the withdrawal of homesteads does not meet farmers' expectations, thus the effects on their willingness to participate in RSTRH is not obvious. 4) The current village-level management mechanism for homesteads does not fully satisfy farmers' fairness preferences and has no significant effect on their willingness to to participate in RSTRH. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the standards and methods of compensation for the withdrawal of homesteads, strengthen the fairness of the village-level management mechanism for homesteads, gradually establish a system of paid use of homesteads and charges for idleness, and establish and improve online trading platforms for homesteads and other rural property rights, in order to fully incentivize farmers' willingness to participate in RSTRH.
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