Impact of Extreme Climate on Carbon Emissions in Planting Industry at the Provincial Level Based on the XGBoost-SHAP Model
Received date: 2025-10-27
Revised date: 2025-12-25
Online published: 2026-04-29
Under the background of frequent extreme climate events caused by global warming, the agricultural system is simultaneously confronted with the emission reduction pressures and the climate vulnerability challenges. This study systematically measured the spatiotemporal patterns of extreme climate and carbon emissions in planting industry in China at the provincial level from 2000 to 2023, and utilized the XGBoost-SHAP model to reveal their overall impact, individual effects, and synergistic mechanisms. The results indicate that: 1) During the study period, risk index of China's extreme climate rose from 36.35 to 44.89, reflecting a trend of intensifying extreme heat and concurrent increases in both aridity and humidity. High-risk zones concentrated around the Bohai Rim region, with a decreasing pattern observed from the northeast of China to the southwest of China. 2) China's total carbon emissions in planting industry increased from 61.6191 million tons in 2000 to 77.9764 million tons in 2023, with the spatial pattern evolving from "high in the southeast of China, low in the northwest of China" to "high in the north of China, low in the south of China". 3) Extreme weather events contribute 11.19% to carbon emissions of planting industry. Extreme heat, extreme rainfall, and extreme drought show a positive correlation with carbon emissions of planting industry, while extreme cold exhibits a significant inhibitory effect. 4) The synergistic effects of multiple extreme events are significant. Among them, the combination of high temperature and drought, as well as alternating wet and dry conditions, produces an "1+1>2" effect that increases carbon emissions. Conversely, the combinations of low temperature and drought, and low temperature and rainfall, achieve synergistic carbon emission reductions by suppressing microbial activity and decreasing irrigation requirements. Therefore, in the context of escalating extreme climate threats, deciphering the resulting growth in carbon emissions has become an urgent task for promoting the transition of agriculture towards low-carbon and high-resilience.
YANG Peitao , YANG Yining . Impact of Extreme Climate on Carbon Emissions in Planting Industry at the Provincial Level Based on the XGBoost-SHAP Model[J]. Economic geography, 2026 , 46(3) : 215 -225 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2026.03.021

表1 模型精度比较Tab.1 Model accuracy comparison |
| 模型 | 样本 | RMSE | MAE | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| XGboost | 训练集 | 0.029 | 0.019 | 0.985 |
| 测试集 | 0.149 | 0.111 | 0.535 | |
| 支持向量机 | 训练集 | 0.193 | 0.150 | 0.342 |
| 测试集 | 0.182 | 0.146 | 0.298 | |
| 神经网络 | 训练集 | 0.191 | 0.153 | 0.348 |
| 测试集 | 0.190 | 0.154 | 0.269 | |
| 随机森林 | 训练集 | 0.057 | 0.040 | 0.942 |
| 测试集 | 0.138 | 0.106 | 0.552 |

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