Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of the Agglomeration Development of China's Digital-driven Enterprise
Received date: 2025-07-25
Revised date: 2026-01-21
Online published: 2026-04-29
Based on the data from Chinese cities and enterprises, this study employs the methods of Dagum Gini coefficient, Moran index, and Markov chain analysis to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of the agglomeration development of digital-driven enterprise in China. The key findings are that: 1) Overall, China's digital-driven enterprises exhibit distinct distribution characteristics in 2007-2022. High-agglomeration areas are concentrated in four types of economic functional core zones: national core hubs, coastal gateways for opening up, heavy industry transformation cities, and inland regional centers. Medium-agglomeration areas are radially distributed around high-agglomeration cities. Low-agglomeration areas are mainly located in the four provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, Tibet, Gansu, as well as some cities of Hubei, exhibiting positive spatial autocorrelation. 2) From a regional perspective, it shows significant disparities in the agglomeration development level of digital-driven enterprise among China's 19 major urban agglomerations. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Yangtze River Delta, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains, the Central and Southern Liaoning, the Harbin-Changchun, and the Jinzhong urban agglomerations exhibit relatively higher agglomeration development levels. These urban agglomerations act as the main source of overall spatial differences. 3) In terms of dynamic evolution, the agglomeration development of digital-driven enterprise shows a "gradient solidification" feature in 2007-2022. The main peak of the kernel density curve shifts slightly left. The peak value first decreases and then increases. The curve narrows with a left tail, and its shape changes from a flat shape to a steep one. 4) The seven influencing factors of agglomeration development of digital-driven enterprise can be divided into three tiers by impact intensity. Economic development level and human capital level are in the strong tier. Digital innovation level, government intervention level, and financial development level are moderate. Digital infrastructure and economic openness level are weak.
SONG Pei , LI Lin , ZHU Qing , AI Yang . Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of the Agglomeration Development of China's Digital-driven Enterprise[J]. Economic geography, 2026 , 46(3) : 118 -126 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2026.03.012
表1 中国数字驱动型企业集聚发展水平全局莫兰指数Tab.1 Global Moran index of the agglomeration development level of China's digital-driven enterprise |
| 年份 | 数字驱动型企业集聚发展水平 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 空间邻接矩阵 | 空间地理矩阵 | 空间经济地理矩阵 | ||||
| Moran's I | Z值 | Moran's I | Z值 | Moran's I | Z值 | |
| 2007 | 0.310*** | 7.564 | 0.073*** | 14.495 | 0.083*** | 2.800 |
| 2008 | 0.319*** | 7.779 | 0.072*** | 14.446 | 0.088*** | 2.979 |
| 2009 | 0.343*** | 8.358 | 0.077*** | 15.216 | 0.115*** | 3.847 |
| 2010 | 0.374*** | 9.090 | 0.079*** | 15.762 | 0.128*** | 4.270 |
| 2011 | 0.392*** | 9.537 | 0.081*** | 16.079 | 0.131*** | 4.383 |
| 2012 | 0.407*** | 9.903 | 0.083*** | 16.416 | 0.139*** | 4.642 |
| 2013 | 0.414*** | 10.075 | 0.082*** | 16.194 | 0.151*** | 5.011 |
| 2014 | 0.411*** | 9.989 | 0.078*** | 15.514 | 0.165*** | 5.481 |
| 2015 | 0.410*** | 9.963 | 0.079*** | 15.657 | 0.181*** | 6.010 |
| 2016 | 0.402*** | 9.790 | 0.080*** | 15.906 | 0.207*** | 6.854 |
| 2017 | 0.399*** | 9.704 | 0.080*** | 15.897 | 0.231*** | 7.625 |
| 2018 | 0.387*** | 9.408 | 0.076*** | 15.205 | 0.255*** | 8.411 |
| 2019 | 0.373*** | 9.093 | 0.073*** | 14.564 | 0.269*** | 8.864 |
| 2020 | 0.386*** | 9.388 | 0.074*** | 14.699 | 0.302*** | 9.935 |
| 2021 | 0.370*** | 9.011 | 0.072*** | 14.425 | 0.301*** | 9.902 |
| 2022 | 0.361*** | 7.564 | 0.073*** | 14.594 | 0.324*** | 10.639 |
表2 Markov转移概率矩阵结果Tab.2 Markov transfer probability matrix |
| Markov 链类型 | 空间滞后类型 | t/t+1 | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 传统 | 无滞后 | Ⅰ | 0.949 | 0.051 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Ⅱ | 0.055 | 0.894 | 0.048 | 0.004 | ||
| Ⅲ | 0.002 | 0.103 | 0.849 | 0.046 | ||
| Ⅳ | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.091 | 0.909 | ||
| 空间 | 邻近程度低 | Ⅰ | 0.992 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Ⅱ | 0.200 | 0.667 | 0.133 | 0.000 | ||
| Ⅲ | 0.000 | 0.375 | 0.500 | 0.125 | ||
| Ⅳ | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.020 | 0.980 | ||
| 邻近程度较低 | Ⅰ | 0.976 | 0.015 | 0.004 | 0.004 | |
| Ⅱ | 0.273 | 0.545 | 0.152 | 0.030 | ||
| Ⅲ | 0.152 | 0.333 | 0.303 | 0.212 | ||
| Ⅳ | 0.004 | 0.013 | 0.069 | 0.914 | ||
| 邻近程度较高 | Ⅰ | 0.939 | 0.041 | 0.014 | 0.006 | |
| Ⅱ | 0.352 | 0.338 | 0.268 | 0.042 | ||
| Ⅲ | 0.074 | 0.263 | 0.421 | 0.242 | ||
| Ⅳ | 0.012 | 0.005 | 0.054 | 0.929 | ||
| 邻近程度高 | Ⅰ | 0.903 | 0.073 | 0.019 | 0.004 | |
| Ⅱ | 0.315 | 0.356 | 0.274 | 0.055 | ||
| Ⅲ | 0.078 | 0.252 | 0.515 | 0.155 | ||
| Ⅳ | 0.003 | 0.007 | 0.029 | 0.961 |
表3 中国19个城市群数字驱动型企业集聚发展的分布及特征Tab.3 Distribution characteristics of the agglomeration development of digital-driven enterprise in 19 urban agglomerations of China |
| 城市群 | 分布位置 | 主峰分布形态 | 分布延展性 | 波峰数目 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 粤港澳大湾区 | 右移 | 高度先上升后下降,宽度变大 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 双峰、多峰 |
| 海峡西岸 | 左移 | 高度先上升后下降,宽度先变大后变小 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 双峰、多峰 |
| 长江三角洲 | 右移 | 高度先下降后上升,宽度先变小后变大 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 多峰 |
| 山东半岛 | 左移 | 高度先下降后上升,宽度变大 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 双峰、多峰 |
| 京津冀 | 左移 | 高度先下降后上升,宽度先变小后变大 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 多峰 |
| 长江中游 | 右移 | 高度先下降后上升,宽度变大 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 多峰 |
| 中原 | 右移 | 高度先下降后上升,宽度先变小后变大 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 多峰 |
| 山西晋中 | 左移 | 高度先下降后上升,宽度先变小后变大 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 双峰、多峰 |
| 成渝 | 左移 | 高度先下降后上升,宽度变小 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 多峰 |
| 北部湾 | 右移 | 高度上升,宽度变大 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 双峰、多峰 |
| 黔中 | 右移 | 高度上升,宽度变大 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 双峰 |
| 滇中 | 左移 | 高度先上升后下降,宽度不变 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 双峰、多峰 |
| 关中平原 | 右移 | 高度先上升后下降,宽度先变小后变大 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 双峰、多峰 |
| 兰西 | 左移 | 高度先下降后上升,宽度变小 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 单峰、双峰 |
| 宁夏沿黄 | 右移 | 高度先上升后下降,宽度变大 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 双峰、多峰 |
| 呼包鄂榆 | 左移 | 高度先下降后上升,宽度不变 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 双峰 |
| 天山北坡 | 右移 | 高度不变,宽度变大 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 单峰 |
| 辽中南 | 左移 | 高度先下降后上升,宽度变大 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 单峰、双峰 |
| 哈长 | 左移 | 高度先下降后上升,宽度先变小后变大 | 左拖尾,延展收敛 | 单峰、双峰、多峰 |
表4 变量的相关系数检验结果Tab.4 Test results of the correlation coefficients of variables |
| 变量 | LQ | Open | Gov | Fin | Human | Pgdp | Dig | Patent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LQ | 1.000 | |||||||
| Open | 0.190*** | 1.000 | ||||||
| Gov | -0.245*** | -0.122*** | 1.000 | |||||
| Fin | 0.270*** | 0.171*** | 0.122*** | 1.000 | ||||
| Human | 0.408*** | 0.203*** | -0.250*** | 0.633*** | 1.000 | |||
| Pgdp | 0.301*** | 0.216*** | -0.332*** | 0.396*** | 0.470*** | 1.000 | ||
| Dig | 0.070*** | 0.046*** | 0.078*** | 0.012 | -0.023 | -0.333*** | 1.000 | |
| Patent | 0.214*** | 0.161*** | -0.054*** | 0.263*** | 0.227*** | 0.279*** | -0.039** | 1.000 |
注:为节省版面,标准误不显示。表5同。 |
表5 七大影响因素的回归结果Tab.5 Regression results of seven major influencing factors |
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open | 0.045*** | 0.039*** | 0.026*** | 0.023*** | 0.021*** | 0.018*** | 0.016*** |
| Gov | -0.303*** | -0.358*** | -0.234*** | -0.202*** | -0.191*** | -0.192*** | |
| Fin | 0.059*** | 0.020*** | 0.015*** | 0.011*** | 0.008* | ||
| Human | 1.478*** | 1.406*** | 1.360*** | 1.350*** | |||
| Pgdp | 0.015*** | 0.026*** | 0.022*** | ||||
| Dig | 0.903*** | 0.888*** | |||||
| Patent | 0.065*** | ||||||
| 常数项 | 0.948*** | 1.006*** | 0.960*** | 0.948*** | 0.793*** | 0.656*** | 0.698*** |
表6 空间分异因子探测结果Tab.6 Spatial differentiation factor detection results |
| 影响因子 | 2007 | 2012 | 2017 | 2022 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| q值 | p值 | q值 | p值 | q值 | p值 | q值 | p值 | ||||
| Open | 0.040 | 0.046 | 0.057 | 0.006 | 0.143 | 0.000 | 0.278 | 0.000 | |||
| Gov | 0.044 | 0.031 | 0.086 | 0.000 | 0.081 | 0.000 | 0.215 | 0.000 | |||
| Fin | 0.062 | 0.005 | 0.072 | 0.000 | 0.189 | 0.000 | 0.184 | 0.000 | |||
| Human | 0.153 | 0.000 | 0.131 | 0.000 | 0.221 | 0.000 | 0.260 | 0.000 | |||
| Pgdp | 0.075 | 0.000 | 0.155 | 0.000 | 0.190 | 0.000 | 0.297 | 0.000 | |||
| Dig | 0.013 | 0.529 | 0.009 | 0.696 | 0.010 | 0.630 | 0.036 | 0.062 | |||
| Patent | 0.071 | 0.000 | 0.092 | 0.000 | 0.149 | 0.000 | 0.288 | 0.000 | |||
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