Spatiotemporal Evolution of Ecological Quality in Shishou City Based on GEE and Remote Sensing Based Ecological Index
Received date: 2025-01-05
Revised date: 2025-07-30
Online published: 2026-02-12
Taking Shishou City as the research object and based on the Landsat5, 8, and 9 remote sensing data from 2000 to 2022, this study calculates greenness index, heat index, humidity index, and dryness index on the basis of Google Earth Engine, and constructs the Remote Sensing based Ecological Index (RSEI), which aims to dynamically monitor the changes in the ecological quality of Shishou City and identify the priority areas for ecological restoration. It uses the methods of spatial statistics and landscape pattern index to explore the spatial and temporal changes and aggregation characteristics of ecological quality in Shishou City. The results show that: 1) The average values of remote sensing ecological index in Shishou City were 0.682, 0.746, 0.769, 0.765 and 0.753 in the five time periods from 2000 to 2022, which were all at the level of "good" or above. 2) The ecological quality of Shishou City in the five periods was "excellent" and "good" in a wide range of areas, accounting for a large proportion. 3) From 2000 to 2010, the ecological quality of Shishou City improved more and degraded less. From 2011 to 2022, the ecological quality of Shishou City improved and degraded basically the same. 4) The Moran's index in Shishou City from 2000 to 2022 was 0.423, 0.550, 0.332, 0.340 and 0.543 in order, showing positive spatial correlation, with high-high clustering and low-low clustering predominating. 5) In the past two decades, the density of ecological quality landscape patches in Shishou City has tended to decrease, the shape of patches has tended to be regular, and similar patches have become more aggregated. The combination of RSEI and spatial statistical analysis is able to monitor the spatial and temporal changes of ecological quality, and identify priority areas for ecological restoration. The methods can provide certain reference for regional ecological security and ecological protection.
WANG Xu , FANG Xiaonan , LI Shengfang , XU Hang , ZHENG Xiaoming , XIAO Hao . Spatiotemporal Evolution of Ecological Quality in Shishou City Based on GEE and Remote Sensing Based Ecological Index[J]. Economic geography, 2026 , 46(1) : 204 -214 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2026.01.020
表1 遥感影像数据及信息Tab.1 Remote sensing image data and its information |
| 时间 | 影像编号 | 云量 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 2000/ 09/04 | LANDSAT/LT05/C02/T1_L2/LT05_124039_20000904 | 9.00 |
| LANDSAT/LT05/C02/T1_L2/LT05_124040_20000904 | 17.00 | |
| 2006/ 08/20 | LANDSAT/LT05/C02/T1_L2/LT05_124039_20060820 | 3.00 |
| LANDSAT/LT05/C02/T1_L2/LT05_124040_20060820 | 4.00 | |
| 2010/ 07/31 | LANDSAT/LT05/C02/T1_L2/LT05_124039_20100730 | 6.00 |
| LANDSAT/LT05/C02/T1_L2/LT05_124040_20100730 | 1.00 | |
| 2016/ 07/30 | LANDSAT/LC08/C02/T1_L2/LC08_124039_20160730 | 1.41 |
| LANDSAT/LC08/C02/T1_L2/LC08_124040_20160730 | 1.97 | |
| 2022/ 08/08 | LANDSAT/LC09/C02/T1_L2/LC09_124039_20220808 | 0.21 |
| LANDSAT/LC09/C02/T1_L2/LC09_124040_20220808 | 0.18 |
表2 石首市5个时期RSEI各指标的主成分分析结果Tab.2 Results of principal component analysis of RSEI in Shishou City |
| 年份 | 指标 | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | NDVI | 0.7695 | 0.5460 | 0.0229 | -0.3306 |
| WET | 0.1837 | -0.6841 | 0.1338 | -0.6931 | |
| LST | -0.1239 | 0.1429 | 0.9818 | 0.0156 | |
| NDBSI | -0.5990 | 0.4620 | -0.1326 | -0.6404 | |
| 特征值 | 0.0167 | 0.0065 | 0.0017 | 0.0003 | |
| 特征值贡献率(%) | 66.43 | 25.64 | 6.64 | 1.29 | |
| 2006 | NDVI | 0.6785 | 0.7064 | 0.1256 | -0.1578 |
| WET | 0.1072 | -0.3252 | 0.0732 | -0.9367 | |
| LST | -0.3475 | 0.1642 | 0.9229 | -0.0246 | |
| NDBSI | -0.6383 | 0.6069 | -0.3566 | -0.3116 | |
| 特征值 | 0.0085 | 0.0025 | 0.0012 | 0.0001 | |
| 特征值贡献率(%) | 69.36 | 20.52 | 9.47 | 0.66 | |
| 2010 | NDVI | 0.8811 | -0.4293 | -0.1657 | -0.1090 |
| WET | 0.0171 | 0.2138 | 0.1699 | -0.9618 | |
| LST | -0.1870 | -0.6594 | 0.7279 | -0.0214 | |
| NDBSI | -0.4340 | -0.5790 | -0.6434 | -0.2501 | |
| 特征值 | 0.0172 | 0.0041 | 0.0017 | 0.0000 | |
| 特征值贡献率(%) | 74.74 | 17.73 | 7.35 | 0.19 | |
| 2016 | NDVI | 0.7616 | -0.5019 | -0.3846 | -0.1421 |
| WET | 0.1335 | 0.2120 | 0.3246 | -0.9121 | |
| LST | -0.2695 | -0.8037 | 0.5292 | -0.0379 | |
| NDBSI | -0.5741 | -0.2393 | -0.6831 | -0.3828 | |
| 特征值 | 0.0264 | 0.0032 | 0.0017 | 0.0001 | |
| 特征值贡献率(%) | 84.26 | 10.18 | 5.31 | 0.25 | |
| 2022 | NDVI | 0.6339 | -0.7477 | -0.1797 | -0.0825 |
| WET | 0.1951 | -0.0015 | 0.8870 | -0.4186 | |
| LST | -0.7328 | -0.6608 | 0.1623 | 0.0047 | |
| NDBSI | -0.1520 | 0.0655 | -0.3933 | -0.9044 | |
| 特征值 | 0.0151 | 0.0037 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 | |
| 特征值贡献率(%) | 78.65 | 19.23 | 2.03 | 0.09 |
表3 石首市5个时期的遥感生态指数分级统计结果Tab.3 Classification and statistical results of RSEI in the five periods in Shishou City |
| 等级 | 指标 | 2000 | 2006 | 2010 | 2016 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 差[0,0.2] | 面积(km2) | 4.36 | 0.90 | 2.43 | 0.36 | 2.30 |
| 比重(%) | 0.37 | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.20 | |
| 较差(0.2,0.4] | 面积(km2) | 23.46 | 11.26 | 18.26 | 29.50 | 36.36 |
| 比重(%) | 2.01 | 0.98 | 1.57 | 2.55 | 3.15 | |
| 中等(0.4,0.6] | 面积(km2) | 179.40 | 57.83 | 85.42 | 117.13 | 100.83 |
| 比重(%) | 15.36 | 5.01 | 7.35 | 10.14 | 8.73 | |
| 良好(0.6,0.8] | 面积(km2) | 833.89 | 742.17 | 490.12 | 419.16 | 490.50 |
| 比重(%) | 71.39 | 64.30 | 42.16 | 36.30 | 42.48 | |
| 优(0.8,1.0] | 面积(km2) | 126.99 | 342.12 | 566.26 | 588.46 | 524.68 |
| 比重(%) | 10.87 | 29.64 | 48.71 | 50.97 | 45.44 |
表4 2000—2022年石首市生态等级变化情况统计Tab.4 Statistics on changes of ecological ranking in Shishou City, 2000-2022 |
| 时段 | 变化情况 | 明显退化 | 略有退化 | 不变 | 略有改善 | 明显改善 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -4 | -3 | -2 | -1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | ||||
| 2000—2006年 | 变化等级面积(km2) | 0.00 | 0.11 | 1.64 | 70.37 | 647.33 | 369.52 | 29.17 | 2.87 | 0.09 | ||
| 变化总面积(km2) | 72.11 | 647.33 | 401.65 | |||||||||
| 比重(%) | 6.43 | 57.74 | 35.83 | |||||||||
| 2007—2010年 | 变化等级面积(km2) | 0.02 | 0.54 | 13.11 | 177.61 | 555.12 | 369.65 | 5.48 | 0.25 | 0.00 | ||
| 变化总面积(km2) | 191.27 | 555.12 | 375.39 | |||||||||
| 比重(%) | 17.05 | 49.49 | 33.46 | |||||||||
| 2011—2016年 | 变化等级面积(km2) | 0.02 | 5.86 | 33.84 | 216.31 | 618.48 | 228.26 | 18.42 | 0.63 | 0.00 | ||
| 变化总面积(km2) | 256.02 | 618.48 | 247.30 | |||||||||
| 比重(%) | 22.82 | 55.13 | 22.05 | |||||||||
| 2017—2022年 | 变化等级面积(km2) | 0.54 | 6.25 | 25.26 | 240.00 | 667.99 | 186.80 | 25.57 | 2.15 | 0.00 | ||
| 变化总面积(km2) | 272.04 | 667.99 | 214.52 | |||||||||
| 比重(%) | 23.56 | 57.86 | 18.58 | |||||||||
表5 石首市5个时期各用地类型的RSEI统计值Tab.5 RSEI statistical values by land use type in Shishou City, 2000-2022 |
| 年份 | RSEI统计值 | 耕地 | 林地 | 草地 | 裸地 | 不透水面 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | min | 0.000 | 0.096 | 0.413 | 0.023 | 0.012 |
| max | 1.000 | 0.902 | 0.477 | 0.854 | 0.927 | |
| mean | 0.690 | 0.698 | 0.443 | 0.289 | 0.428 | |
| median | 0.701 | 0.704 | 0.439 | 0.180 | 0.409 | |
| 2006 | min | 0.006 | 0.333 | 0.134 | 0.070 | 0.018 |
| max | 1.000 | 0.866 | 0.727 | 0.770 | 0.865 | |
| mean | 0.755 | 0.732 | 0.545 | 0.369 | 0.494 | |
| median | 0.773 | 0.738 | 0.604 | 0.238 | 0.473 | |
| 2010 | min | 0.001 | 0.149 | 0.009 | 0.378 | 0.000 |
| max | 1.000 | 0.952 | 0.806 | 0.787 | 0.947 | |
| mean | 0.779 | 0.823 | 0.641 | 0.632 | 0.477 | |
| median | 0.800 | 0.836 | 0.659 | 0.648 | 0.443 | |
| 2016 | min | 0.070 | 0.215 | 0.343 | 0.398 | 0.000 |
| max | 1.000 | 0.966 | 0.904 | 0.809 | 0.960 | |
| mean | 0.776 | 0.822 | 0.755 | 0.622 | 0.474 | |
| median | 0.806 | 0.838 | 0.768 | 0.623 | 0.431 | |
| 2022 | min | 0.000 | 0.076 | 0.256 | 0.224 | 0.022 |
| max | 0.990 | 0.894 | 0.986 | 0.911 | 1.000 | |
| mean | 0.767 | 0.744 | 0.780 | 0.647 | 0.460 | |
| median | 0.796 | 0.754 | 0.799 | 0.668 | 0.421 |
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