The Spatial Imbalance of Inclusive Green Development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and Its Formation Mechanisms
Received date: 2024-01-15
Revised date: 2025-04-01
Online published: 2025-11-20
Inclusive green development aims to achieve coordinated development of the economy, society and natural systems, which is an important underpinning for achieving Chinese modernization. It provides an important basis for promoting high-quality development by exploring the spatial imbalance and formation mechanism of inclusive green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and can provide a model for other regions. This paper defines the concept of inclusive green development based on the composite ecosystem of economy-society-nature, and constructs an evaluation system to measure the inclusive green development of 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2003 to 2019. Then we describe the characteristics of spatial imbalance and dynamic evolution, and analyze the formation mechanism of spatial disequilibrium by using the geographic detector. The study shows that: 1) the inclusive green development is steadily improving in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2003 to 2019, and its spatial distribution shows a ladder pattern of downstream>midstream>upstream. 2) The spatial imbalance of inclusive green development increased first and then decreased in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, with the inflection point occurring in 2008. The intra-regional differences were the main source and inter-regional differences are relatively small. 3) The dynamic evolution of the spatial unbalanced of inclusive green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows that the absolute differences increase in the whole region and each region. But the trend of polarization gradually disappears. 4) The social inclusion dimension factors are the main cause of the disequilibrium of inclusive green development space in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as a whole and in various regions. The environmental inclusion dimension factors also gradually play an important role, and the interaction of factors has a stronger effect on the disequilibrium of inclusive green development space in the Yangtze River Economic Belt than the single factor.
XIAO Xiaodong , LIU Yaobin , GUO Yan , FU Ruyi . The Spatial Imbalance of Inclusive Green Development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and Its Formation Mechanisms[J]. Economic geography, 2025 , 45(10) : 11 -21 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2025.10.002
表1 区域包容性绿色发展评价指标体系及说明Tab.1 Evaluation index system of inclusive green development |
| 目标层 | 维度层 | 领域层 | 基础指标 | 单位 | 属性 | 权重 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 包 容 性 绿 色 发 展 (A) | 经济包容(A1) | 经济增长机会充分(A11) | 二三产业就业率(A111) | % | + | 0.0035 |
| 城镇登记失业率(A112) | % | - | 0.0040 | |||
| 经济增长过程可持续(A12) | 第二产业产值比重(A121) | % | - | 0.0141 | ||
| 第三产业产值比重(A122) | % | + | 0.0154 | |||
| 科技支出占GDP比重(A123) | % | + | 0.0668 | |||
| 经济增长结果公平(A13) | 人均GDP(A131) | 元/人 | + | 0.0731 | ||
| 财政收入占GDP比重(A132) | % | + | 0.0055 | |||
| 城乡人均收入比(A133) | / | - | 0.0344 | |||
| 社会包容(A2) | 医疗卫生公平(A21) | 万人拥有卫生技术人员数(A211) | 人/万人 | + | 0.0246 | |
| 万人拥有医疗卫生机构床位数(A212) | 张/万人 | + | 0.0257 | |||
| 基础设施公平(A22) | 人均城市道路面积(A221) | m2/人 | + | 0.0260 | ||
| 万人拥有公交车数量(A222) | 辆/万人 | + | 0.0440 | |||
| 信息化服务公平(A23) | 人均移动电话数(A231) | 部/人 | + | 0.0671 | ||
| 互联网覆盖率(A232) | % | + | 0.0936 | |||
| 教育资源公平(A24) | 万人拥有教育资源(A241) | 所/万人 | + | 0.0392 | ||
| 教育经费投入强度(A242) | % | + | 0.0503 | |||
| 社会保障公平(A25) | 基本养老保险覆盖率(A251) | % | + | 0.0556 | ||
| 基本医疗保险覆盖率(A252) | % | + | 0.0548 | |||
| 环境包容(A3) | 资源禀赋(A31) | 人均公园绿地面积(A311) | m2/人 | + | 0.0111 | |
| 建成区绿化覆盖率(A312) | % | + | 0.0731 | |||
| 绿色生产(A32) | 单位GDP电耗(A321) | kW·h/万元 | - | 0.0077 | ||
| 单位GDP水耗(A322) | m3/万元 | - | 0.0044 | |||
| 单位GDP工业废水排放量(A323) | t/万元 | - | 0.0086 | |||
| 单位GDP工业SO2排放量(A324) | t/亿元 | - | 0.0073 | |||
| 单位GDP工业烟粉尘排放量(A325) | t/亿元 | - | 0.0029 | |||
| 绿色消费(A33) | 人均居民生活用水(A331) | m3/人 | - | 0.0051 | ||
| 人均城乡居民用电量(A332) | kW·h/人 | - | 0.0044 | |||
| 万人拥有出租车数量(A333) | 辆/万人 | + | 0.0960 | |||
| 环境治理(A34) | 污水处理厂集中处理率(A341) | % | + | 0.0458 | ||
| 生活垃圾无害化处理率(A342) | % | + | 0.0163 | |||
| 一般工业固体废物综合利用率(A343) | % | + | 0.0197 |
注:“+”表示正向指标,“-”表示负向指标。正向指标越大,负向指标越小,指数值越大。 |
表2 2003—2019年长江经济带整体包容性绿色发展测度结果Tab.2 Measurement results of overall difference of inclusive green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2003 to 2019 |
| 年份 | 基尼系数 | T0 | T1 | 基尼系数 增长率(%) | T0增长率(%) | T1增长率(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | 0.1955 | 0.0601 | 0.0656 | - | - | - |
| 2004 | 0.2074 | 0.0677 | 0.0740 | 6.08 | 12.64 | 12.77 |
| 2005 | 0.2170 | 0.0735 | 0.0801 | 4.62 | 8.65 | 8.24 |
| 2006 | 0.2234 | 0.0781 | 0.0860 | 2.96 | 6.26 | 7.32 |
| 2007 | 0.2203 | 0.0762 | 0.0840 | -1.37 | -2.51 | -2.26 |
| 2008 | 0.2258 | 0.0797 | 0.0876 | 2.51 | 4.67 | 4.24 |
| 2009 | 0.2155 | 0.0730 | 0.0803 | -4.60 | -8.50 | -8.27 |
| 2010 | 0.2148 | 0.0718 | 0.0779 | -0.32 | -1.59 | -3.06 |
| 2011 | 0.2106 | 0.0693 | 0.0757 | -1.96 | -3.44 | -2.81 |
| 2012 | 0.2088 | 0.0680 | 0.0740 | -0.85 | -1.87 | -2.29 |
| 2013 | 0.2106 | 0.0692 | 0.0750 | 0.90 | 1.64 | 1.38 |
| 2014 | 0.2104 | 0.0688 | 0.0738 | -0.09 | -0.57 | -1.57 |
| 2015 | 0.1992 | 0.0617 | 0.0663 | -5.35 | -10.27 | -10.19 |
| 2016 | 0.1957 | 0.0598 | 0.0645 | -1.76 | -3.01 | -2.63 |
| 2017 | 0.1938 | 0.0588 | 0.0636 | -0.95 | -1.66 | -1.44 |
| 2018 | 0.1884 | 0.0555 | 0.0597 | -2.79 | -5.74 | -6.12 |
| 2019 | 0.1901 | 0.0563 | 0.0600 | 0.88 | 1.44 | 0.44 |
表3 主要指标因子交互作用结果Tab.3 Main index factor interaction |
| 年份 | 整体 | 下游 | 中游 | 上游 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | A131∩A131(0.7580) | A131∩A131(0.7554) | A131∩A131(0.7531) | A131∩A131(0.5313) |
| A212∩A131(0.8998) | A212∩A131(0.9419) | A212∩A131(0.9114) | A212∩A131(0.8066) | |
| A232∩A131(0.8297) | A232∩A131(0.8548) | A232∩A131(0.8662) | A232∩A131(0.6408) | |
| A331∩A131(0.8524) | A331∩A131(0.9117) | A331∩A131(0.8132) | A331∩A131(0.8153) | |
| A332∩A131(0.8498) | A332∩A131(0.8776) | A332∩A131(0.8617) | A332∩A131(0.8045) | |
| 2011 | A131∩A131(0.7441) | A131∩A131(0.7431) | A131∩A131(0.7954) | A131∩A131(0.6269) |
| A212∩A131(0.8387) | A212∩A131(0.9040) | A212∩A131(0.9093) | A212∩A131(0.9044) | |
| A232∩A131(0.9205) | A232∩A131(0.9333) | A232∩A131(0.9356) | A232∩A131(0.8794) | |
| A331∩A131(0.8185) | A331∩A131(0.8759) | A331∩A131(0.9204) | A331∩A131(0.8905) | |
| A332∩A131(0.9009) | A332∩A131(0.9436) | A332∩A131(0.8959) | A332∩A131(0.8960) | |
| 2019 | A131∩A131(0.7668) | A131∩A131(0.7832) | A131∩A131(0.7501) | A131∩A131(0.5394) |
| A212∩A131(0.8588) | A212∩A131(0.9276) | A212∩A131(0.8358) | A212∩A131(0.8804) | |
| A232∩A131(0.8604) | A232∩A131(0.8712) | A232∩A131(0.8148) | A232∩A131(0.8748) | |
| A331∩A131(0.8301) | A331∩A131(0.8506) | A331∩A131(0.8456) | A331∩A131(0.8619) | |
| A332∩A131(0.8803) | A332∩A131(0.9151) | A332∩A131(0.8071) | A332∩A131(0.8845) |
注:表中A131、A212、A232等指标解释见表1。 |
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