RCEP Tourism Service Trade Network: Evolutionary Characteristics, Conjugate Circulation Effects and Formation Mechanism
Received date: 2024-12-30
Revised date: 2025-04-10
Online published: 2025-06-24
Exploring the evolution characteristics and mechanisms of the tourism service trade network is of great significance for promoting regional economic development. Based on the WTO-OECD Balanced Trade in Services Database (BaTIS) in 2001-2021, this paper uses the methods of complex network analysis and TERGM to explore the dynamic evolution features and formation mechanism of the tourism service trade network of RCEP member countries. Results show that: 1) The conjugate space of tourism service trade of RCEP member countries gradually expanded, showing a typical "small world" network characteristic. The tourism service trade network of RCEP member countries shows the obvious phenomenon of central polarization, and its spatial distribution is unbalanced. 2) China, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand are increasingly playing pivotal roles in conjugated circulation. Developing countries in the lower circulation establish close links with developed countries in the upper circulation through conjugation effect, and evolve into three cohesive sub-groups which take China, Australia and Singapore as the cores. 3) The tourism service trade network has reciprocity effect, grade effect and time dependence effect. Per capita GDP, population density, government efficiency and border connection have significant impact on the formation of the tourism service trade network. According to the above, it puts forward some suggestions to promote the RCEP member states to jointly build a more open, inclusive and mutually beneficial tourism service trade network: giving full play to the core role of emerging economies in the conjugate circulation, strengthening the supply capacity of high-quality tourism service products in the "upper circulation" of tourism service trade, fostering mutually beneficial and coordinated development among developing countries in the "lower circulation", improving the market access mechanisms of various countries in the trade circulation and promoting the digital transformation of the tourism service trade circulation.
WANG Juan , ZHANG Huan , WEI Rongjie . RCEP Tourism Service Trade Network: Evolutionary Characteristics, Conjugate Circulation Effects and Formation Mechanism[J]. Economic geography, 2025 , 45(4) : 210 -220 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2025.04.020
表1 TERGM主要变量及含义Tab.1 Main variables and explanation of TERGM |
变量名称 | 表达式 | 含义 |
---|---|---|
边(Edges) | ![]() | 网络中边的数量 |
互惠性(Mutual) | ![]() | 网络节点形成双向贸易关系的倾向 |
三元组(Triple) | ![]() | 网络中3个节点两两相连的结构 |
传递性(Transitivity) | ![]() | 网络中3个节点形成如下关系的倾向,i→j,j→k,i→k |
循环性(Ctriple) | ![]() | 网络中3个节点形成如下关系的倾向,i→j,j→k,k→i |
变异性(Variability) | ![]() | t期整体网络格局在t+1期发生变异的趋势 |
发送者(lnGDPper_se) | ![]() | 节点的发达程度和人口规模对网络中发出关系的影响 |
发送者(lnPOP_se) | ||
接收者(lnGDPper_re) | ![]() | 节点的发达程度和人口规模对网络中接收关系的影响 |
接收者(lnPOP_re) | ||
节点属性(PSNV) 节点属性(GovEF) 节点属性(Trade) 节点属性(Continent) | ![]() | 趋同政治稳定程度对旅游服务贸易网络关系形成的影响 趋同国家政府效率对旅游服务贸易网络关系形成的影响 趋同国家贸易规模对旅游服务贸易网络关系形成的影响 趋同国家所属大洲对旅游服务贸易网络关系形成的影响 |
接壤关系(Broder) | ![]() | 接壤关系、语言关系对旅游服务贸易网络关系形成的影响 |
语言关系(Lauguage) |
表2 RCEP旅游服务贸易网络TERGM实证回归结果Tab.2 Empirical results of TERGM of tourism service trade network of RCEP member countries |
网络统计量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | 模型4 | 模型5 | 模型6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Edges | -10.5562*** | -12.3675*** | -12.1095*** | -12.8253*** | -13.1847*** | |
Mutual | -1.3219*** | -0.5645** | -0.4772** | -0.4859** | ||
Ttriple | 0.2790*** | 0.2644*** | 0.2648*** | |||
Transitiveties | 0.9673*** | 0.9555*** | 0.9587*** | |||
Ctriple | -0.7528*** | -0.7241*** | -0.7229*** | |||
Variability | -0.6738*** | -0.3369*** | ||||
lnPOP_re | 1.6940*** | 1.6676*** | 0.9700*** | 0.9907*** | 0.8526*** | 0.9988*** |
lnPOP_se | -0.3073** | -0.0003 | 0.2603** | 0.4163*** | -0.9945*** | 0.4102*** |
lnGDPper_re | 1.0189*** | 0.9813*** | 0.6381*** | 0.5903*** | 1.8239*** | 0.5969*** |
lnGDPper_se | 0.0799 | 0.2095 | 0.3442** | 0.3608** | 0.9337*** | 0.3680** |
PSNV | 0.3744*** | 0.4803*** | 0.3896*** | 0.4396*** | -0.9817*** | 0.4378*** |
GovEF | -0.7845*** | -0.9117*** | -0.7415*** | -0.7405*** | -2.1025*** | -0.7446*** |
Trade | 1.4513*** | 1.8425*** | 1.5445*** | 1.6793*** | 0.9376*** | 1.6798*** |
Language | 0.2113 | 0.2262 | 0.1008 | 0.0484 | 0.0605 | 0.0608 |
Border | 1.0708*** | 1.3069*** | 1.4687*** | 1.6118*** | 1.1710*** | 1.6088*** |
Continent | 1.9808*** | 2.4551*** | 2.0891*** | 2.2145*** | 1.2656*** | 2.2204*** |
注:***、**、 *分别表示在1%、5%、10%的水平上显著。 |
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