Livelihood Transition and Sustainability of Rural Households in Mountainous Area:A Case of Yaozhan Town in Weichang County of Hebei Province
Received date: 2020-07-16
Revised date: 2020-12-09
Online published: 2025-04-30
The livelihood type,which is closely related to the ability,willingness and strategy of household's livelihood transition, is the foundation and the premise to guide rural household's livelihood transition. In this paper,firstly the rural household's livelihood types are classified by integrating the livelihood assets and livelihood diversification index,and the theoretical framework of rural household's livelihood transition is constructed based on the framework of sustainable livelihoods. Then it studies the livelihood transition and sustainability of rural households in mountainous area by taking three villages in Yaozhan Town of Weichang County as research areas. The results show that the investigated households can be divided into four types: enterprising,professional,potential and subsistence households,it analyzes their livelihood characteristics and the ability,willingness,strategy and risk of livelihood transition. The enterprising households have sufficient human assets to engage in diversified production,and the balanced source of income brings them the highest material assets. Although diversified livelihood transition strategies ensure the stable income,they also hinder the transition of livelihood assets. Professional households have the highest livelihood assets and the lowest livelihood diversification index. They tend to reduce the diversification index and expand the specialized production in the process of livelihood transition,but they still face great market risks. Potential households' livelihood assets are low,but their livelihood diversification index is at the high level. The key to the success of their livelihood transition is to maintain their livelihood diversification. The proportion of subsistence households is the largest,and their livelihood assets and diversification index are very low. The current poverty alleviation strategy can only guarantee their basic survival needs,the livelihood transition needs more industrial support in the future. In the end,the complex relationship among diversification,specialization and modernization of livelihood are discussed.
WANG Han , FANG Yangang . Livelihood Transition and Sustainability of Rural Households in Mountainous Area:A Case of Yaozhan Town in Weichang County of Hebei Province[J]. Economic geography, 2021 , 41(3) : 152 -160 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2021.03.016
表1 农户生计资产指标体系Tab.1 The index system of rural household's livelihood capital |
类别 | 指标 | 变量 | 权重 | 指标解释/计算公式 | 指标来源 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
自然资产(N) | 自耕地 | N1 | 0.1047 | 家庭实际耕种的土地面积(单位:hm2) | |
承包耕地 | N2 | 0.1539 | 每一单位的耕地,出租者=a/(a+b),承租者=1-a/(a+b),a为出租者获得的租金,b为承租者获得的土地净产出 | ||
物质资产(P) | 住房面积 | P1 | 0.0325 | 房屋面积小于80m2,赋值1;(81~100)m2,赋值2;(101~120)m2,赋值3;(121~140)m2,赋值4;大于140m2,赋值5 | |
住房质量 | P2 | 0.0117 | 按房屋建造类型,土木,赋值1;砖木,赋值2;砖混,赋值3;多层楼房,赋值4 | ||
牲畜数量 | P3 | 0.2191 | 以标准羊折合(骡=6;牛=5;驴=3;绵羊=1;山羊=0.8) | 李彩瑛等[11] | |
固定资产 | P4 | 0.2492 | 拥有棚舍(羊圈)、生产工具(农机设备等)和交通工具(汽车、摩托)等生产生活固定资产的折现总价值(单位:万元) | 张栢林等[18] | |
金融资产(F) | 家庭收入 | F1 | 0.0305 | 2018年度家庭收入 | |
人力资产(H) | 总体劳动能力 | H1 | 0.0096 | 以19~60岁为1标准单位,6~10岁=0.2,11~18岁=0.6,61岁以上=0.5,去掉因疾病等原因失去劳动能力者 | 王新歌等[19] |
总体受教育程度 | H2 | 0.0129 | 大专以上文凭为1标准单位[18]。文盲,赋值0;小学,赋值0.25;初中,赋值0.5;高中,赋值0.75 | 王新歌等[19] | |
社会资产(S) | 村干部 | S1 | 0.1319 | 二分变量,家庭中有成员为村干部=1,否则=0 | 谢先雄等[20] |
社交状况 | S2 | 0.0440 | 密切联系的亲友数量。小于10,赋值1;11~20,赋值2;21~50,赋值3;大于50,赋值4 | 王娟等[8] |
表2 不同类型农户生计资产和收入占比Tab.2 Livelihood assets and percentage of income in different rural household's livelihood types |
类别 | 样本 | 生计资产(HLC) | 多样化指数 | 生计收入占比(%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总值 | 自然 | 物质 | 人力 | 社会 | 金融 | 大田 | 经营 | 工资 | 务工 | |||
1 | 9 | 0.2826 | 0.0123 | 0.0869 | 0.0130 | 0.1628 | 0.0076 | 0.3676 | 5.84 | 44.64 | 18.46 | 31.02 |
2 | 14 | 0.2935 | 0.0650 | 0.0647 | 0.0114 | 0.1392 | 0.0128 | 0.0361 | 1.93 | 82.22 | 4.30 | 11.56 |
3 | 21 | 0.0567 | 0.0056 | 0.0221 | 0.0099 | 0.0147 | 0.0045 | 0.3660 | 10.32 | 8.07 | 8.29 | 72.40 |
4 | 42 | 0.0432 | 0.00236 | 0.0167 | 0.0090 | 0.0112 | 0.0040 | 0.0436 | 3.61 | 0.12 | 0 | 96.33 |
总计 | 86 | 0.1123 | 0.0144 | 0.0332 | 0.0100 | 0.0488 | 0.0059 | 0.1550 | 4.56 | 36.2 | 5.57 | 53.54 |
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