Impact of Carbon Intensity Constraint Policy on Urban Air Quality in China
Received date: 2018-11-13
Revised date: 2019-03-28
Online published: 2025-04-24
This paper uses the panel data of China's 30 key cities from 2003 to 2016 and employs the difference-in difference (DID) method to examine the impact of carbon intensity restraint policies on urban air quality. Furthermore, this paper explores the heterogeneity of carbon intensity constraint policy on urban air quality from the perspective of institutional differences. Robustness test confirms the reliability of the conclusion. The results show that: The carbon intensity constraint policy can significantly reduce the air pollution concentration and improve the urban air quality. As time goes by, the effect of the carbon intensity restraint policy rises first and then decreases, which means that its short-term effect is obvious, and the medium-and long-term effects may face uncertainty. The impact of carbon intensity constraint policy on urban air quality is subject to the regional institutional environment. The higher government quality and marketization degree, the lower proportion of state-owned economy are conducive to improving the effect of carbon intensity restraint on urban air quality.
LI Yi , HU Zongyi , LIU Yiwen , TANG Jianyang . Impact of Carbon Intensity Constraint Policy on Urban Air Quality in China[J]. Economic geography, 2019 , 39(8) : 21 -28 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2019.08.003
表1 政策实施前后城市空气质量统计特征Tab.1 Statistical characteristics of urban air quality before and after implementation policy |
时期 | SO2 | NO2 | PM10 | P | CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
政策实施前 | 53.603(1.339) | 42.996(0.844) | 109.554(1.701) | 3.253(0.052) | 2.869(0.183) |
政策实施后 | 38.089(1.068) | 36.272(0.724) | 95.872(1.627) | 2.586(0.078) | 1.415(0.134) |
政策实施后—政策实施前 | -15.515***(1.764) | -6.723***(1.159) | -13.681***(2.417) | -0.948***(0.090) | 1.454***(0.241) |
注:*、**、***分别表示在10%、5%和1%的水平上显著;括号中的数值为标准误。 |
表2 碳强度约束政策对城市空气质量的平均影响效应Tab.2 The average impact of carbon intensity restraint policy on urban air quality |
SO2 | NO2 | PM10 | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.071*** (0.026) | 0.015*** (0.007) | 0.038*** (0.013) | 0.029*** (0.006) | |
-0.281*** (0.044) | -0.091*** (0.025) | -0.018*** (0.004) | -0.129*** (0.024) | |
0.173** (0.081) | 0.049** (0.024) | 0.007** (0.003) | 0.159*** (0.052) | |
0.129 (0.172) | 0.062 (0.116) | 0.028 (0.057) | 0.075 (0.067) | |
-1.105 (1.355) | -1.108 (0.727) | 0.247 (0.444) | -0.165 (0.526) | |
0.136*** (0.202) | 0.109** (0.055) | 0.010** (0.048) | 0.123*** (0.042) | |
-0.005** (0.002) | -0.033*** (0.013) | -0.014** (0.007) | -0.022** (0.011) | |
0.271*** (0.092) | 0.167*** (0.052) | 0.117*** (0.043) | 0.210*** (0.015) | |
0.035** (0.015) | 0.005** (0.002) | 0.033** (0.016) | 0.067** (0.029) | |
-0.113*** (0.024) | -0.087** (0.039) | -0.091*** (0.003) | -0.078*** (0.017) | |
Year | Y | Y | Y | Y |
0.719 | 0.725 | 0.739 | 0.753 | |
Hausman | 38.75*** | 19.60** | 15.02*** | 8.09*** |
样本数/个 | 420 | 420 | 420 | 420 |
注:*、**、***分别表示在10%、5%和1%的水平上显著;括号中的数值为标准误,Y表示加入时间控制变量。 |
表3 碳强度约束政策对城市空气质量影响的动态变化Tab.3 Dynamic changes of carbon intensity constraint policy on urban air quality |
SO2 | NO2 | PM10 | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.113 (0.072) | 0.062 (0.052) | 0.115***(0.039) | 0.105**(0.041) | |
0.112 (0.081) | 0.058 (0.048) | 0.118** (0.049) | 0.109** (0.047) | |
0.115** (0.065) | 0.059*** (0.015) | 0.119*** (0.043) | 0.104* (0.063) | |
0.115* (0.053) | 0.063** (0.026) | 0.117*** (0.042) | 0.112*** (0.037) | |
0.114* (0.068) | 0.060** (0.031) | 0.123*** (0.046) | 0.108*** (0.039) | |
0.116* (0.064) | 0.051 (0.045) | 0.121 (0.104) | 0.105** (0.052) | |
0.117*** (0.071) | 0.057 (0.042) | 0.118** (0.049) | 0.113*** (0.041) | |
0.229*** (0.082) | 0.091** (0.043) | 0.175*** (0.068) | 0.162*** (0.052) | |
0.230*** (0.083) | 0.091** (0.038) | 0.174** (0.072) | 0.159*** (0.054) | |
0.231*** (0.079) | 0.093** (0.039) | 0.178** (0.085) | 0.158*** (0.049) | |
0.245*** (0.074) | 0.103** (0.045) | 0.186*** (0.047) | 0.175** (0.065) | |
0.243*** (0.089) | 0.093** (0.051) | 0.189*** (0.063) | 0.173** (0.071) | |
0.231*** (0.082) | 0.086** (0.049) | 0.176*** (0.051) | 0.164** (0.069) | |
控制变量 | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Year | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Hausman | 82.13*** | 131.34*** | 42.95*** | 110.67*** |
0.701 | 0.729 | 0.746 | 0.789 | |
样本数 | 420 | 420 | 420 | 420 |
注:*、**、***分别表示在10%、5%和1%的水平上显著;括号中的数值为标准误;Y表示加入控制变量。 |
表4 碳强度约束政策效果的制度异质性Tab.4 Effect heterogeneity of carbon intensity constraint policy for urban air quality |
平均数 | 中位数 | 75th百分位数 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高质量政府 | 低质量政府 | 高质量政府 | 低质量政府 | 高质量政府 | 低质量政府 | |||
0.097**(0.039) | 0.039(0.025) | 0.116**(0.054) | 0.041**(0.019) | 0.216**(0.098) | 0.038**(0.019) | |||
样本数 | 182 | 238 | 210 | 210 | 98 | 322 | ||
Hausman | 39.08*** | 31.53*** | 19.42*** | 21.53*** | 42.64*** | 35.49*** | ||
0.503 | 0.437 | 0.514 | 0.472 | 0.357 | 0.572 | |||
经验p值 | 0.042 | 0.014 | 0.002 | |||||
高度市场化 | 轻度市场化 | 高度市场化 | 轻度市场化 | 高度市场化 | 轻度市场化 | |||
0.108**(0.055) | 0.038**(0.018) | 0.114**(0.052) | 0.045**(0.022) | 0.121***(0.043) | 0.029(0.019) | |||
样本数 | 196 | 224 | 210 | 210 | 98 | 322 | ||
Hausman | 27.17*** | 34.67*** | 36.72*** | 31.85*** | 40.85*** | 55.47*** | ||
0.513 | 0.527 | 0.497 | 0.501 | 0.419 | 0.385 | |||
经验p值 | 0.034 | 0.027 | 0.005 | |||||
高度国有化 | 轻度国有化 | 高度国有化 | 轻度国有化 | 高度国有化 | 轻度国有化 | |||
0.008(0.005) | 0.057*(0.031) | 0.011**(0.006) | 0.062**(0.028) | 0.009**(0.004) | 0.064***(0.021) | |||
样本数 | 196 | 224 | 210 | 210 | 98 | 322 | ||
Hausman | 31.09*** | 27.64*** | 26.83*** | 18.45*** | 50.96*** | 37.43*** | ||
0.403 | 0.479 | 0.509 | 0.532 | 0.417 | 0.562 | |||
经验p值 | 0.044 | 0.031 | 0.019 |
注:*、**、***分别表示在10%、5%和1%的水平上显著;括号中的数值为标准误;“经验p值”用于检验组间调整系数差异的显著性,通过自抽样1 000次得到。 |
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