Evolution of Temporal and Spatial Pattern of China’s Crude Oil Import Trade from the Perspective of Petroleum Security
Received date: 2020-04-03
Revised date: 2020-09-17
Online published: 2025-04-22
From the perspective of petroleum security,this paper analyzes the dynamic characteristics of China's crude oil import trade based on dependence degree of crude oil imports,diversity index and concentration degree,and then uses spatial analysis methods to describe its evolution characteristics of temporal and spatial pattern. The results show that: 1) Since the founding of PRC,it shows V-shaped characteristic on China's dependence degree of crude oil imports. It is predicted that the dependence degree of crude oil imports rising slowly from 2019 to 2040 will reach 81.63% by 2040,and crude oil consumption will continue to depend on imports. 2) In 1993-2018,the import source of China's crude oil is actually less than we might think. The concentration of crude oil import decreases slightly,but still keeps in a high value. From the viewpoint of average value,it has a characteristic of central (upper) centralized oligopoly,and it is very much constrained by import countries of crude oil. 3) From 1993 to 2018,the import trade center of China's crude oil is increasingly close to the center of global crude oil production,which is conducive to ensuring the material basis of crude oil demand. However,due to the shift of the center of crude oil import trade to the northwest,the continuous outward shift of the center of gravity reduces the economy of crude oil import. The crude oil import trade which is increasingly fragmented is mainly concentrated in the Middle East,Africa and Russia,but its diversification effect is not prominent. And the instability of the source region,the import risk still exists. The spatial distribution direction of crude oil import turns to the southwest- northeast direction,and China importing more crude oil from Americas can improves the safety of transportation. Finally,it puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects which are actively carrying out "energy diplomacy",consolidating and strengthening cooperation with countries in the Middle East,Central Asia and Russia,systematically assessing the risks of supply and transportation channels of crude oil imported from Africa,and promoting cooperation with countries in the Americas,which provide scientific basis and decision support for ensuring China's oil security.
YAN Jiyao , ZHAO Yuan , CUI Panpan , TANG Wenmin . Evolution of Temporal and Spatial Pattern of China’s Crude Oil Import Trade from the Perspective of Petroleum Security[J]. Economic geography, 2020 , 40(11) : 112 -120 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2020.11.013
表1 1993—2018年中国原油进口集中度变化Tab.1 Changes of China's oil import concentration from 1993 to 2018 |
年份 | CR4 | CR8 | 年份 | CR4 | CR8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1993 | 0.7011 | 0.8650 | 2006 | 0.5515 | 0.7493 |
1994 | 0.8223 | 0.9454 | 2007 | 0.5294 | 0.7426 |
1995 | 0.7258 | 0.8821 | 2008 | 0.5711 | 0.7640 |
1996 | 0.7971 | 0.9461 | 2009 | 0.5524 | 0.7392 |
1997 | 0.6628 | 0.8245 | 2010 | 0.5065 | 0.7118 |
1998 | 0.6176 | 0.7781 | 2011 | 0.5055 | 0.7290 |
1999 | 0.4658 | 0.7088 | 2012 | 0.5179 | 0.7438 |
2000 | 0.5270 | 0.7369 | 2013 | 0.5098 | 0.7674 |
2001 | 0.5433 | 0.7440 | 2014 | 0.4967 | 0.7610 |
2002 | 0.5258 | 0.7493 | 2015 | 0.4882 | 0.7539 |
2003 | 0.5152 | 0.7568 | 2016 | 0.4814 | 0.7588 |
2004 | 0.5133 | 0.7315 | 2017 | 0.4745 | 0.7293 |
2005 | 0.5248 | 0.7606 | 2018 | 0.4777 | 0.7311 |
表2 中国原油进口空间格局标准差椭圆参数Tab.2 The parameters of standard deviational ellipses of China’s crude oil import trade |
年份 | 1993 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2018 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
重心 | 75.86°E,8.35°N | 53.39°E,16.57°N | 45.84°E,18.98°N | 37.10°E,18.18°N | 36.48°E,21.93°N | 31.41°E,23.44°N |
长半轴(km) | 12 680.10 | 9 521.37 | 10 499.01 | 12 209.48 | 12 577.78 | 14 138.13 |
短半轴(km) | 3 712.03 | 5 813.48 | 5 133.51 | 5 077.59 | 5 153.03 | 6 275.59 |
方位角(°) | 101.40 | 88.26 | 66.59 | 73.99 | 70.26 | 74.94 |
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