Influence of "Two-Child Policy" on the Coupling Coordination Degree Between China's Population Structure and Industrial Structure
Received date: 2020-03-15
Revised date: 2020-08-31
Online published: 2025-04-21
This paper measures the population structure index and industrial structure index by establishing the index system of population structure and industrial structure. The coupling coordination model is used to analyze the interdependence and coordination between population structure and industrial structure.From the perspective of "two-child policy", the panel data model is used to analyze the influence of "two-child policy" on the coordination degree between population structure and industrial structure.The results were as followed: 1)From 2000 to 2017, China's population structure and industrial structure are quite different in different regions. The overall level of Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin is relatively high, while other regions are still at a low level. 2)From 2000 to 2017, the population structure and industrial structure of eastern China were in the middle coordination stage, while the central and western China were in the primary coordination stage, and the coordination degree of western China was lower than that of central China. 3) From 2000 to 2015, the coupling coordination degree of the eastern and central regions increased slowly, but declined from 2016, with large regional differences. In 2017, Guizhou and Guangxi were on the verge of coordination, and 20 provinces and regions were barely coordinated. 4)The influence of "two-child policy" on the coupling coordination degree of China's population structure and industrial structure has regional heterogeneity.In the country, east, central and West,the "two-child policy" had a significant negative effect to the coupling coordination degree, that is, it reduced the coupling coordination degree between the population structure and industrial structure, but the western region was the least affected. 5)The fertility policy can be adjusted according to local conditions to improve regional population structure and pay attention to the balanced development of regional population structure and industrial structure. Promoting the matching of birth policy and industrial policy is conducive to the coordinated development of population structure and industrial structure. At the same time, it is considered whether to implement the "comprehensive three-child policy" to increase the fertility rate and cope with population aging and abrupt demographic changes.
WU Dingyu , TANG Dan , ZHANG Zhijue . Influence of "Two-Child Policy" on the Coupling Coordination Degree Between China's Population Structure and Industrial Structure[J]. Economic geography, 2020 , 40(10) : 32 -40 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2020.10.004
表1 人口结构与产业结构的指标权重Tab.1 The index weight of population structure and industrial structure |
目标系统 | 一级指标 | 二级指标 | 指标类型 | 权重 |
---|---|---|---|---|
人口结构( ) | 人口年龄结构 | 人口抚养比 | 负向指标 | 0.0929 |
0~14岁人口占总人口数比重 | 负向指标 | 0.0851 | ||
15~64岁人口占总人口数比重 | 正向指标 | 0.1402 | ||
65岁以上人口占总人口数比重 | 负向指标 | 0.0970 | ||
人口空间结构 | 城市化率 | 正向指标 | 0.1792 | |
人口文化结构 | 人均受教育年限(年/人) | 正向指标 | 0.0716 | |
大专及以上学历人口所占比重 | 正向指标 | 0.3340 | ||
产业结构( ) | 产值结构 | 第一产业增加值/GDP | 负向指标 | 0.0459 |
第二产业增加值/GDP | 正向指标 | 0.0630 | ||
第三产业增加值/GDP | 正向指标 | 0.1662 | ||
就业结构 | 第一产业就业人数/总就业人数 | 负向指标 | 0.0880 | |
第二产业就业人数/总就业人数 | 正向指标 | 0.1409 | ||
第三产业就业人数/总就业人数 | 正向指标 | 0.1020 | ||
高级化 | 第三产业增加值/第二产业增加值 | 正向指标 | 0.3543 | |
合理化 | 泰尔指数 | 负向指标 | 0.0397 |
表2 我国东、中、西部地区人口结构综合指数(Y1)和产业结构综合指数(Y2)Tab.2 Comprehensive index of population structure and industrial structure in eastern, central and western China |
年份 | 东部地区 | 中部地区 | 西部地区 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | - | - | |||||||||
2000 | 0.3143 | 0.5050 | -0.1906 | 0.2426 | 0.3638 | -0.1212 | 0.1692 | 0.3101 | -0.1409 | ||
2001 | 0.3246 | 0.5113 | -0.1868 | 0.2667 | 0.3693 | -0.1026 | 0.1899 | 0.3051 | -0.1152 | ||
2002 | 0.5247 | 0.5213 | 0.0034 | 0.4872 | 0.3770 | 0.1102 | 0.4021 | 0.3157 | 0.0864 | ||
2003 | 0.5317 | 0.5288 | 0.0029 | 0.5169 | 0.3873 | 0.1296 | 0.4154 | 0.3220 | 0.0934 | ||
2004 | 0.5500 | 0.5367 | 0.0133 | 0.5284 | 0.3960 | 0.1324 | 0.4291 | 0.3254 | 0.1037 | ||
2005 | 0.5630 | 0.5498 | 0.0132 | 0.4993 | 0.4031 | 0.0962 | 0.4055 | 0.3300 | 0.0755 | ||
2006 | 0.5795 | 0.5605 | 0.0190 | 0.5205 | 0.4110 | 0.1095 | 0.4225 | 0.3354 | 0.0871 | ||
2007 | 0.5881 | 0.5741 | 0.0140 | 0.5280 | 0.4205 | 0.1075 | 0.4283 | 0.3444 | 0.0839 | ||
2008 | 0.5872 | 0.5806 | 0.0066 | 0.5373 | 0.4232 | 0.1141 | 0.4353 | 0.3501 | 0.0852 | ||
2009 | 0.6014 | 0.5923 | 0.0091 | 0.5422 | 0.4351 | 0.1071 | 0.4572 | 0.3699 | 0.0873 | ||
2010 | 0.6097 | 0.6010 | 0.0087 | 0.5558 | 0.4342 | 0.1216 | 0.4757 | 0.3628 | 0.1129 | ||
2011 | 0.6307 | 0.6087 | 0.0220 | 0.5648 | 0.4386 | 0.1262 | 0.5064 | 0.3717 | 0.1347 | ||
2012 | 0.6379 | 0.6171 | 0.0208 | 0.5753 | 0.4532 | 0.1221 | 0.5022 | 0.3741 | 0.1281 | ||
2013 | 0.6408 | 0.6325 | 0.0083 | 0.5793 | 0.4703 | 0.1090 | 0.5098 | 0.3953 | 0.1145 | ||
2014 | 0.6342 | 0.6379 | -0.0037 | 0.5850 | 0.4832 | 0.1018 | 0.5139 | 0.4086 | 0.1053 | ||
2015 | 0.6358 | 0.6476 | -0.0118 | 0.5767 | 0.5016 | 0.0751 | 0.5180 | 0.4255 | 0.0925 | ||
2016 | 0.4855 | 0.6551 | -0.1696 | 0.3962 | 0.5147 | -0.1185 | 0.3613 | 0.4361 | -0.0748 | ||
2017 | 0.4934 | 0.6626 | -0.1692 | 0.3817 | 0.5251 | -0.1434 | 0.3609 | 0.4530 | -0.0921 |
图1 2015、2017年人口结构综合指数水平空间分布Fig.1 Spatial differences on comprehensive index of population structure in 2015 and 2017 |
表3 人口结构与产业结构耦合协调度Tab.2 Degree of coupling and coordination between population structure and industrial structure |
年份 | 东部地区 | 中部地区 | 西部地区 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
耦合(C) | 协调(D) | 耦合(C) | 协调(D) | 耦合(C) | 协调(D) | |||
2000 | 0.9726 | 0.6312 | 0.9798 | 0.5451 | 0.9558 | 0.4786 | ||
2001 | 0.9747 | 0.6383 | 0.9869 | 0.5602 | 0.9725 | 0.4906 | ||
2002 | 1.0000 | 0.7232 | 0.9918 | 0.6547 | 0.9927 | 0.5969 | ||
2003 | 1.0000 | 0.7282 | 0.9897 | 0.6689 | 0.9919 | 0.6048 | ||
2004 | 0.9999 | 0.7371 | 0.9897 | 0.6763 | 0.9905 | 0.6113 | ||
2005 | 0.9999 | 0.7459 | 0.9943 | 0.6698 | 0.9947 | 0.6048 | ||
2006 | 0.9999 | 0.7549 | 0.9931 | 0.6801 | 0.9934 | 0.6135 | ||
2007 | 0.9999 | 0.7623 | 0.9936 | 0.6864 | 0.9941 | 0.6197 | ||
2008 | 1.0000 | 0.7641 | 0.9929 | 0.6905 | 0.9941 | 0.6248 | ||
2009 | 1.0000 | 0.7725 | 0.9940 | 0.6969 | 0.9944 | 0.6413 | ||
2010 | 1.0000 | 0.7781 | 0.9924 | 0.7009 | 0.9909 | 0.6445 | ||
2011 | 0.9998 | 0.7872 | 0.9921 | 0.7055 | 0.9882 | 0.6587 | ||
2012 | 0.9999 | 0.7921 | 0.9929 | 0.7146 | 0.9893 | 0.6584 | ||
2013 | 1.0000 | 0.7979 | 0.9946 | 0.7225 | 0.9920 | 0.6700 | ||
2014 | 1.0000 | 0.7975 | 0.9954 | 0.7292 | 0.9935 | 0.6769 | ||
2015 | 1.0000 | 0.8010 | 0.9976 | 0.7334 | 0.9952 | 0.6852 | ||
2016 | 0.9889 | 0.7510 | 0.9915 | 0.6720 | 0.9956 | 0.6300 | ||
2017 | 0.9892 | 0.7561 | 0.9874 | 0.6691 | 0.9936 | 0.6359 |
表4 二孩政策对人口结构和产业结构耦合协调性的影响结果Tab.4 The impact of the two-child policy on the coordination of population structure and industrial structure |
变量 | 全国 | 东部 | 中部 | 西部 |
---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 0.00698(0.00742) | -0.0166*(0.00947) | 0.00340(0.0143) | 0.0209(0.0174) |
D2 | -0.0903***(0.00763) | -0.0976***(0.0113) | -0.0981***(0.0174) | -0.0669***(0.0217) |
PGDP | 0.0279*(0.0164) | 0.0573**(0.0234) | -0.115***(0.0341) | -0.0049(0.0317) |
EC | -0.00150(0.00223) | -0.00926(0.0437) | -0.0421(0.0659) | 0.00308(0.00368) |
GEC | 0.0190(0.0177) | 0.0736***(0.0216) | 0.00506(0.0379) | 0.0230(0.0367) |
PR&D | 0.0472***(0.0116) | 0.0796***(0.0184) | 0.0887***(0.0250) | 0.0215(0.0237) |
INS | 0.189***(0.0261) | 0.157***(0.0363) | 0.516***(0.0508) | 0.269***(0.0480) |
FDI | 0.0325***(0.00506) | 0.0136*(0.00746) | 0.0430***(0.00900) | 0.0483***(0.0114) |
INV | -0.00667(0.0148) | -0.00144(0.0187) | 0.0348(0.0248) | 0.0176(0.0279) |
Constant | -1.347***(0.112) | -1.193***(0.173) | -0.793***(0.218) | -1.552***(0.239) |
Observations | 540 | 198 | 144 | 198 |
Number of pro | 30 | 11 | 8 | 11 |
R-squared | 0.667 | 0.814 | 0.799 | 0.680 |
注:***p<0.01,**p<0.05,*p<0.1,括号内数据为统计量的标准误差。 |
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