Received date: 2019-07-08
Revised date: 2019-09-17
Online published: 2025-04-18
In the context of increased risks in the global economic downturn, infrastructure investment has become a significant tool to maintain economic stability for central and local governments around world. The United States recently released "Legislative Outline for Rebuilding Infrastructure in America" ("plan" for short below). Compared with the past federal infrastructure projects, there are major changes in the scale of investment, funding areas, incentive design, and review procedures, presenting new features that will profoundly affect the urban and rural development of the US in the next decade or even longer. This paper systematically introduces nine aspects of the "plan", namely transportation, water supply & drainage systems, next-generation energy infrastructure, rural infrastructure, infrastructure for social problems solution, transformative projects infrastructure and infrastructure financing programs. Then the paper explores the characteristics of the "plan" and its possible employment impacts. It points out that compared with the previous infrastructure investment, the focus of this round of infrastructure projects is to play the role of "guidance" and "leverage" of the federal funds, encouraging state governments, local governments and private capital to enter the infrastructure market that has always been dominated by the federal government, and establishing a new public-private partnership model, which emphasizes the principle of "efficiency first and risk sharing". Meantime, the paper believes that the plan will have an impact on the American labor market structure in the short term, and the blue-collar economy will be revived; but in the long run, it will still face the challenge of labor transformation.
GAO Zhe , GU Jiang , GU Chaolin , ZHAI Wei . An Analysis of Rebuilding Infrastructure in America[J]. Economic geography, 2019 , 39(10) : 6 -13 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2019.10.002
表1 美国2021—2030年基础设施投资规模和创造就业岗位数预期(基于1万亿美元投资)Tab.1 US 2021-2030 Infrastructure investment amount and job creation expectations |
投资领域 | 基础设施投资 | 创造就业岗位 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
投资规模 (亿美元) | 占比 (%) | 创造就业岗位 (万个) | 占比 (%) | ||
重建道路和桥梁 | 1 000 | 10.0 | 130 | 8.4 | |
城市主街振兴 | 1 000 | 10.0 | 130 | 8.4 | |
扩建(TIGER)交通投资带来经济复苏 | 100 | 1.0 | 13 | 0.8 | |
恢复供水和下水系统 | 1 100 | 11.0 | 250 | 16.2 | |
铁路设施现代化 | 500 | 5.0 | 65 | 4.2 | |
修复和扩建公共交通 | 1 300 | 13.0 | 190 | 12.3 | |
重大项目 | 2 000 | 20.0 | 260 | 16.8 | |
重建公共学校 | 750 | 7.5 | 97.5 | 6.3 | |
改建机场 | 300 | 3.0 | 39 | 2.5 | |
新修港口和航道 | 100 | 1.0 | 13 | 0.8 | |
建设韧性社区 | 250 | 2.5 | 32.5 | 2.1 | |
下一代能源基础设施 | 1 000 | 10.0 | 130 | 8.4 | |
扩建宽带 | 200 | 2.0 | 26 | 1.7 | |
投资公共土地和印第安部落地区基础设施 | 200 | 2.0 | 26 | 1.7 | |
退伍军人(VA)医院和国民警卫队设施现代化 | 100 | 1.0 | 13 | 0.8 | |
创新金融工具 | 100 | 1.0 | 130 | 8.4 | |
合计 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
1.资料来源:A Blueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure;2.说明:TIGER,交通投资带来经济复苏(Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery)。 |
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U.S. Department of Transportation. The President's Initiative for Rebuilding Infrastructure in America[EB/OL]. https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/briefing-room/305216/infrastructure-initiative-booklet.pdf,2018.
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