Could Environmental Control Optimize Urban Industrial Structure?Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment of "Two Control Zones" Policy in China
Received date: 2018-10-11
Revised date: 2019-04-23
Online published: 2025-04-18
Environment regulation shows a significant spatial heterogeneity characteristic on the industrial upgrading. This paper uses the quasi-natural experiment to check the effects of "two control zones" (TCZ, for short, referring to the "acid rain control area and the sulfur dioxide pollution control area division plan") environment regulation policy, which was implemented in Chinese 149 cities in 1998. Taking these 149 cities as study group, and 174 non-TCZ cities as control group, it sets up a difference-in-difference model to compare the effects of TCZ before (1994-1998) and after (1999-2004) the policy. The result shows that TCZ policy, the foreign investment and human resources significantly promotes the transformation of urban industrial structure from the secondary industry to the service industry. From the perspective of region, the policy positively promotes the optimization of industrial structure in the cities of eastern and central China, while has a negative impact on those cities of western and northeastern regions. Then, this study takes 2010 as another time node to examine the effect under the background of more stringent environmental regulations. This policy only improves the industrial structure in the cities of eastern China, verifying the "pollution halo hypothesis" of eastern China. The conclusion is that environmental regulation policies has more effects on spatial differentiation of industrial structure change in different regional cities of China.
GAO Xuelian , WANG Jiaqi , ZHANG Qian , ZONG Jiafeng . Could Environmental Control Optimize Urban Industrial Structure?Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment of "Two Control Zones" Policy in China[J]. Economic geography, 2019 , 39(9) : 122 -128 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2019.09.015
表1 模型Ⅰ实验组与对照组y平均值变化Tab.1 The mean value change of study group and control group in model Ⅰ |
政策实施前 | 政策实施后 | 均值变动 | |
---|---|---|---|
实验组 | 0.7404 | 0.8291 | 0.0887 |
对照组 | 0.7331 | 0.8071 | 0.0740 |
实验组与对照组差 | 0.0147 |
表3 模型Ⅰ分地区环境管制对产业结构影响Tab.3 The effect of regional environmental control on industrial structure in model Ⅰ |
变量 | 东部地区 | 中部地区 | 西部地区 | 东北地区 |
---|---|---|---|---|
L.y | 0.974*** (0.0143) | 0.940*** (0.00287) | 0.952*** (0.00714) | 0.715*** (0.0191) |
-0.0472*** (0.00710) | 0.0479*** (0.00610) | 0.0566*** (0.0122) | 0.0738***(0.00620) | |
0.182*** (0.0273) | 0.0267** (0.0111) | 0.173*** (0.0230) | -0.0145 (0.0270) | |
0.0665*** (0.00754) | 0.0297*** (0.00747) | -0.0161*** (0.0147) | -0.0584***(0.00869) | |
lnFDI | -0.00286 (0.00367) | 0.000785 (0.00106) | 0.00634*** (0.000668) | 0.00168 (0.00233) |
lnFI | -0.0267*** (0.00367) | -0.0727*** (0.00379) | -0.0736*** (0.00195) | -0.128*** (0.00594) |
lnHC | -0.00693** (0.00296) | 0.0104*** (0.00186) | -0.00653** (0.00254) | 0.00388 (0.00518) |
Constant | 0.350*** (0.0398) | 0.823*** (0.0327) | 0.860*** (0.0244) | 1.854*** (0.0755) |
表4 模型Ⅱ全部城市双重差分回归结果Tab.4 The DID regression results of all cities in model Ⅱ |
自变量 | 因变量dy |
---|---|
-0.015016*(0.0077188) | |
lnFDI | -0.0035795*(0.00362) |
lnFI | 0.0477031***(0.0063521) |
lnHC | 0.0490346***(0.0067045) |
观测值 | 2 557 |
城市数 | 325 |
表5 模型Ⅱ分地区环境管制对产业结构影响Tab.5 The effect of regional environmental control on industrial structure in model Ⅱ |
变量 | 东部地区 | 中部地区 | 西部地区 | 东北地区 |
---|---|---|---|---|
L.y | 0.0415*** (0.00646) | 0.9659*** (0.00645) | 0.8475*** (0.00398) | 0.9341*** (0.03499) |
0.1492*** (0.00892) | -0.0132*** (0.00236) | -0.1074 *** (0.00342) | 0.1329***(0.01281) | |
-0.7932*** (0.03685) | 0.1494*** (0.0028) | 0.1921*** (0.00876) | -0.0449 (0.07004) | |
-0.0427*** (0.00857) | -0.0964*** (0.0034) | 0.0084** (0.00376) | -0.1127*** (0.04098) | |
lnFDI | 0.01586*** (0.00238) | -0.0070*** (0.00036) | -0.00102** (0.00047) | -0.0585***(0.00951) |
lnFI | -0.0945*** (0.00705) | 0.1164*** (0.00212) | 0.1387*** (0.0022) | 0.0322*** (0.01205) |
lnHC | 0.3400*** (0.01003) | 0.0085*** (0.00152) | -0.0262*** (0.00124) | 0.1251*** (0.01353 |
Constant | -1.0730*** (0.08126) | -1.8078*** (0.02601) | -1.7738*** (0.03098) | -1.1084*** (0.15445) |
观测值 | 937 | 719 | 546 | 356 |
城市数 | 107 | 88 | 87 | 43 |
表6 全部城市安慰剂检验回归结果Tab.6 The regression results of placebo test for all cities |
自变量 | Dy(模型Ⅰ) | dy(模型Ⅱ) |
---|---|---|
-0.047617*** (0.0158216) | 0.0069 (0.00899) | |
-0.0360149** (0.016446) | -0.0008 (0.0089058) | |
0.0238777 (0.0197196) | 0.0146 (0.01117) | |
lnFDI | -0.0006233 (0.0032381) | 0.0021 (0.00254) |
lnFI | -0.007454 (0.0062784) | 0.01672*** (0.00553) |
lnHC | 0.0113622** (0.0044622) | -0.0003 (0.00323) |
Constant | 0.0782912 (0.0547366) | -0.2949*** (0.0551) |
表7 模型Ⅰ、模型Ⅱ检验结果Tab.7 The test results of model Ⅰ and model Ⅱ |
变量 | 模型Ⅰ | 模型Ⅱ | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diff. | |t| | Pr(|T|>|t|) | Diff. | |t| | Pr(|T|>|t|) | ||
dy | -0.026 | 2.74 | 0.0063*** | 0.005 | 0.74 | 0.4566 | |
lnFDI | 0.094 | 0.66 | 0.5127 | 0.080 | 0.79 | 0.4295 | |
lnFI | -0.002 | 0.03 | 0.9778 | -0.004 | 0.07 | 0.9467 | |
lnHC | -0.083 | 0.81 | 0.4187 | -0.043 | 0.56 | 0.5760 |
表8 全部城市PSM-DID检验结果Tab.8 The PSM-DID test results of all cities |
估计结果 | Dy模型Ⅰ | Dy模型Ⅱ |
---|---|---|
Before Diff(T-C) | -0.027*** (0.008) | 0.005 (0.006) |
After Diff(T-C) | 0.006 (0.006) | -0.002 (0.005) |
DID | 0.034*** (0.010) | -0.006 (0.008) |
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