Trade Barriers,Trade Agreements and the Evolution of China's Manufacturing Export Network
Received date: 2020-11-03
Revised date: 2021-07-23
Online published: 2025-04-17
China has become the world's largest trading nation. However,the existing literatures on the effect of external shocks on the expansion process of China's manufacturing export network is still insufficient,which is very important for trade policy. Based on the data of UN Comtrade,this article analyzes the influence of trade barriers and trade agreements on the expansion of China's export network through an econometric model. It's found that: Firstly,China has gradually become one of the most important trading countries in the world,in which trade experience plays a very important role. Secondly,trade barriers of destination countries will inhibit the export expansion,and prompt to rely more on export experience to avoid additional costs caused by trade barriers. Thirdly,trade agreements with the export destination country can promote export of new products and existing products,and weaken the influence of trade experience,which can break the original export experience. Based on the conclusions of the article,it's suggested that: 1) Government should encourage Chinese firms to expand their trade business,which aims to learn export experience,especially in important trade node countries and regions. 2) It's necessary to expand new trade markets by the means of the increase of free trade agreements,in order to deal with the question of original export experience. 3) In addition,China can export new products to target countries,which can deal with the frequent trade barriers and the loss of trade sanctions.
Key words: trade agreement; trade barrier; trade network; manufacturing; export networks; path dependence
WANG Wenyu , HE Canfei , CHEN Xinming . Trade Barriers,Trade Agreements and the Evolution of China's Manufacturing Export Network[J]. Economic geography, 2021 , 41(11) : 118 -128 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2021.11.013
表1 出口贸易新市场扩张变量描述性统计Tab.1 Descriptive statistics of variables in new market expansion of export trade |
变量 | 解释 | 样本数 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Entry | 是否新进入市场 | 996 912 | 0.21 | 0.41 | 0 | 1.00 |
Agree | 贸易协定 | 996 912 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0 | 1.00 |
Barrier | 贸易壁垒 | 996 912 | 18.02 | 37.48 | 0 | 387.00 |
Density | 市场关联 | 996 912 | 0.34 | 0.22 | 0 | 0.98 |
lnGDPi | 中国GDP对数 | 996 912 | 28.90 | 0.75 | 27.92 | 30.05 |
lnGDPj | 目的国GDP对数 | 968 463 | 23.76 | 2.14 | 17.22 | 30.46 |
lnGeodist | 地理距离 | 996 912 | 9.03 | 0.51 | 6.70 | 9.87 |
lnEcodist | 经济距离 | 996 671 | 8.21 | 1.53 | 1.02 | 11.59 |
Instdist | 制度距离 | 996 671 | 1.43 | 1.37 | 0.06 | 6.58 |
表2 中国制造业出口新市场扩张模型Tab.2 New market expansion model of manufacturing export trade in China |
(1) m1 | (2) m2 | (3) m3 | (4) m4 | (5) m5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density | 0.648***(0.002) | 0.648***(0.002) | 0.667***(0.003) | 0.650***(0.002) | 0.650***(0.002) |
Barrier | -0.000***(0.000) | 0.000***(0.000) | |||
Brr_Den | 0.002***(0.000) | ||||
Agree | 0.031***(0.002) | 0.030***(0.002) | |||
Agr_Den | -0.012(0.008) | ||||
lnGDPi | 0.040***(0.001) | 0.041***(0.001) | 0.043***(0.001) | 0.039***(0.001) | 0.039***(0.001) |
lnGDPj | 0.035***(0.000) | 0.035***(0.000) | 0.035***(0.000) | 0.034***(0.000) | 0.034***(0.000) |
lnGeodist | -0.024***(0.001) | -0.024***(0.001) | -0.023***(0.001) | -0.018***(0.001) | -0.018***(0.001) |
lnEcodist | -0.003***(0.000) | -0.003***(0.000) | -0.003***(0.000) | -0.003***(0.000) | -0.003***(0.000) |
Instdist | -0.005***(0.000) | -0.005***(0.000) | -0.003***(0.001) | -0.005***(0.000) | -0.005***(0.000) |
_cons | -1.705***(0.036) | -1.725***(0.037) | -1.795***(0.039) | -1.721***(0.036) | -1.720***(0.036) |
产品 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
年份 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
N | 968 222 | 968 222 | 844 113 | 968 222 | 968 222 |
F | 1 052.829 | 1 044.502 | 931.632 | 1 045.887 | 1 039.971 |
r2 | 0.116 | 0.116 | 0.121 | 0.116 | 0.116 |
p | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
注:显著水平*p<0.1,**p<0.05,***p<0.01。表4同。 |
表3 出口贸易已有市场扩张模型变量描述性统计Tab.3 Descriptive statistics of variables in market expansion of export trade |
变量 | 解释 | 样本数 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
lnAddvalue | 出口增加量对数 | 686 931 | 11.78 | 2.58 | 0.01 | 24.14 |
Density | 市场关联 | 686 931 | 0.71 | 0.22 | 0.01 | 1.00 |
Agree | 贸易协定 | 686 931 | 0.16 | 0.37 | 0 | 1.00 |
Barrier | 贸易壁垒 | 686 931 | 36.09 | 53.74 | 0 | 387.00 |
lnGDPi | 中国GDP | 686 931 | 29.21 | 0.70 | 27.92 | 30.05 |
lnGDPj | 目的国GDP | 673 200 | 25.53 | 2.01 | 17.82 | 30.46 |
lnGeodist | 地理距离 | 686 931 | 8.89 | 0.61 | 6.70 | 9.87 |
lnEcodist | 经济距离 | 686 931 | 8.72 | 1.56 | 1.02 | 11.59 |
Instdist | 制度距离 | 686 931 | 1.79 | 1.64 | 0.06 | 6.58 |
表4 中国出口贸易已有市场扩张模型Tab.4 Market expansion model of export trade in China |
(1) m1 | (2) m2 | (3) m3 | (4) m4 | (5) m5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density | 4.794***(0.017) | 4.794***(0.017) | 4.754***(0.017) | 4.799***(0.017) | 4.812***(0.017) |
Barrier | -0.000***(0.000) | -0.000***(0.000) | |||
Brr_Den | 0.009***(0.000) | ||||
Agree | 0.254***(0.008) | 0.250***(0.008) | |||
Agr_Den | -0.299***(0.032) | ||||
lnGDPi | 0.026***(0.008) | 0.031***(0.008) | 0.039***(0.008) | 0.003(0.008) | -0.000(0.008) |
lnGDPj | 0.614***(0.001) | 0.618***(0.002) | 0.619***(0.002) | 0.609***(0.002) | 0.609***(0.002) |
lnGeodist | -0.550***(0.005) | -0.544***(0.005) | -0.532***(0.005) | -0.475***(0.005) | -0.473***(0.005) |
lnEcodist | -0.076***(0.002) | -0.074***(0.002) | -0.074***(0.002) | -0.061***(0.002) | -0.061***(0.002) |
Instdist | -0.008***(0.002) | -0.006***(0.002) | -0.008***(0.002) | -0.010***(0.002) | -0.010***(0.002) |
_cons | -1.087***(0.308) | -1.391***(0.311) | -1.719***(0.308) | -1.059***(0.310) | -0.999***(0.311) |
产品 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
年份 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
N | 673 200 | 673 200 | 673 200 | 673 200 | 673 200 |
F | 3 270.916 | 3 240.461 | 3 317.897 | 3 252.827 | 3 226.567 |
r2 | 0.377 | 0.377 | 0.379 | 0.378 | 0.378 |
p | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
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