Leisure and Residential Space Structure and Its Matching Relationship of Qingdao Residents
Received date: 2018-12-10
Revised date: 2019-06-24
Online published: 2025-04-17
Leisure and residence are two important functions of cities. Combined with the macro-background of urban transformation in the leisure era and using POI (Points of Interest) data, this article studies the coordination and matching relationship between the two urban functions, which has practical significance for the rational allocation and construction of urban leisure places and residences. Based on the POI data of 2 524 leisure places and 703 residential places in 10 districts of Qingdao, it explores the spatial distribution pattern of leisure and residence places in Qingdao and their coordinated matching relationship by the means of ArcGIS spatial analysis. The results show that: 1) There has deviations in the spatial distribution center and orientation of leisure and residence places in Qingdao. Leisure places present a development pole along the eastern coast of Jiaozhou Bay and multiple agglomeration centers, while residence places present patchy distribution(such as Licang District, Chengyang District and Jimo District) and cluster distribution(such as Laixi District and Pingdu District). 2) The order of agglomeration degree and convenience level of different types of leisure places from high to low is catering, art gallery, tourist attractions, library, shopping mall, museum, park, cinema, gymnasium, cultural station, science and technology museum. 3) According to the changing trend of the quantity distribution of leisure places in the 3 000 m range of residence places, it can be divided into three sections: 0~500 m walking leisure area, 500~1 500 m RBD leisure area and 1 500~3 000 m characteristic leisure area. 4) It is only Laoshan District which realizes the coordination and matching of leisure and residential layout in Qingdao, it is Shinan, Huangdao, Shibei and Jiaozhou whose leisure function is ahead of residence, the leisure function of Licang, Pingdu, Laixi, Jimo and Chengyang is relatively lagging behind. Based on the results of the matching relationship between different types of leisure and residence places in different districts, this paper puts forward development suggestions.
WANG Xinyue , CAO Chanchan . Leisure and Residential Space Structure and Its Matching Relationship of Qingdao Residents[J]. Economic geography, 2019 , 39(9) : 156 -163 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2019.09.019
表1 青岛市各区市面积、休闲及居住场所的POI数据Tab.1 Area and POI data of leisure and residential places of districts in Qingdao |
| 区(市)面积(km2) | 休闲及居住场所POI数量(个) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 博物馆 | 餐饮 | 电影院 | 公园 | 科技馆 | 旅游景点 | 商场 | 体育馆 | 图书馆 | 文化站 | 艺术馆 | 居住区 | ||
| 市南区 | 30 | 22 | 236 | 5 | 33 | 5 | 210 | 10 | 3 | 22 | 0 | 49 | 10 |
| 市北区 | 66 | 21 | 202 | 2 | 28 | 0 | 53 | 11 | 4 | 16 | 12 | 54 | 13 |
| 黄岛区 | 2 096 | 15 | 83 | 8 | 51 | 2 | 104 | 9 | 2 | 22 | 8 | 43 | 8 |
| 崂山区 | 396 | 13 | 69 | 4 | 18 | 2 | 112 | 3 | 8 | 18 | 0 | 39 | 28 |
| 李沧区 | 98 | 0 | 79 | 4 | 45 | 3 | 38 | 6 | 4 | 11 | 7 | 15 | 101 |
| 城阳区 | 553 | 2 | 46 | 6 | 28 | 3 | 39 | 19 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 35 | 203 |
| 即墨区 | 1 780 | 5 | 11 | 3 | 23 | 1 | 45 | 19 | 45 | 5 | 0 | 24 | 176 |
| 胶州市 | 1 313 | 3 | 18 | 3 | 18 | 0 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 3 |
| 平度市 | 3 167 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 30 | 7 | 30 | 5 | 3 | 17 | 77 |
| 莱西市 | 1 568 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 20 | 0 | 13 | 7 | 38 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 84 |
表2 青岛市各类休闲场所平均最近邻分析结果Tab.2 Average nearest neighbor analysis of leisure places in Qingdao |
| 休闲场所 | 平均最近 邻距离 | 最近 邻比率 | Z得分 | P值 | 凝聚程度排序 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 餐饮 | 296.0751 | 0.1911 | -42.6595 | 0.0000 | 1 |
| 艺术馆 | 868.4723 | 0.3175 | -22.6163 | 0.0000 | 2 |
| 旅游景点 | 1 014.2993 | 0.3640 | -31.5172 | 0.0000 | 3 |
| 图书馆 | 2 059.7531 | 0.3750 | -12.5981 | 0.0000 | 4 |
| 商场 | 2 312.0887 | 0.4466 | -10.1546 | 0.0000 | 5 |
| 博物馆 | 5 558.3681 | 0.4685 | -9.5393 | 0.0000 | 6 |
| 公园 | 1 631.5665 | 0.4712 | -16.7446 | 0.0000 | 7 |
| 电影院 | 3 325.0967 | 0.5571 | -5.2235 | 0.0000 | 8 |
| 体育馆 | 2 348.7136 | 0.5883 | -9.2188 | 0.0000 | 9 |
| 文化站 | 6 816.6588 | 0.8140 | -2.1641 | 0.0305 | 10 |
| 科技馆 | 5 313.1434 | 0.9910 | -0.0690 | 0.9450 | 11 |
表3 各类休闲场所与居住场所匹配关系类型的划分标准Tab.3 Classification standard of matching types between leisure places and residential places |
| 休闲场所类型 | 休闲超前居住型 | 休闲居住协调型 | 休闲滞后居住型 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 博物馆 | 0.1252~0.2754 | 0.0060~0.1252 | 0.0000~0.0060 |
| 餐饮 | 11.2162~25.5135 | 2.6641~11.2162 | 0.0676~2.6641 |
| 电影院 | 0.0270~0.0541 | 0.0083~0.0270 | 0.0006~0.0083 |
| 公园 | 1.2862~2.4847 | 0.2506~1.2862 | 0.0506~0.2506 |
| 科技馆 | 0.0057~0.0114 | 0.0016~0.0057 | 0.0000~0.0016 |
| 旅游景点 | 8.5903~20.0441 | 0.3719~8.5903 | 0.1477~0.3719 |
| 商场 | 0.0436~0.1472 | 0.0141~0.0436 | 0.0078~0.0141 |
| 体育馆 | 0.0882~0.1299 | 0.0077~0.0882 | 0.0010~0.0077 |
| 图书馆 | 0.1943~0.4342 | 0.0172~0.1943 | 0.0045~0.0172 |
| 文化站 | 0.0036~0.0526 | 0.0000~0.0036 | 0.0000 |
| 艺术馆 | 0.5944~2.2937 | 0.0942~0.5944 | 0.0559~0.0942 |
表4 青岛市各区市各类休闲场所与居住场所的匹配关系类型Tab.4 Types of matching relations between leisure and residential places in different districts of Qingdao |
| 区市 | 博物馆 | 餐饮 | 电影院 | 公园 | 科技馆 | 旅游景点 | 商场 | 体育馆 | 图书馆 | 文化站 | 艺术馆 | 综合评价 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 市南区 | 超前 | 超前 | 协调 | 协调 | 超前 | 超前 | 超前 | 协调 | 超前 | 滞后 | 超前 | 超前 |
| 黄岛区 | 超前 | 协调 | 超前 | 超前 | 协调 | 超前 | 超前 | 协调 | 超前 | 超前 | 超前 | 超前 |
| 市北区 | 超前 | 超前 | 滞后 | 协调 | 滞后 | 协调 | 超前 | 协调 | 协调 | 超前 | 超前 | 超前 |
| 胶州市 | 协调 | 协调 | 超前 | 超前 | 滞后 | 协调 | 协调 | 超前 | 协调 | 超前 | 超前 | 超前 |
| 崂山区 | 协调 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 协调 | 滞后 | 协调 | 协调 | 协调 | 协调 | 协调 |
| 李沧区 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 |
| 平度市 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 协调 | 滞后 | 协调 | 滞后 | 滞后 |
| 莱西市 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 协调 | 滞后 | 协调 | 滞后 | 滞后 |
| 即墨区 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 协调 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 |
| 城阳区 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 | 滞后 |
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