As the carrier of human production and life, "settlement" is rooted in the local natural geographical environment and social culture. Taking Zhenglan Banner in the southern part of Xilin Gol League as a research area, according to historical documents and the relative data of settlement in the gazetteers of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region-Xilingol League, this paper establishes the data about the name of settlement, the time of establishing village, the scale of population, and the locations . Based on the spatial analysis method of GIS, this paper analyzes the formation, distribution and evolution of settlement in the study area from 1933 to 1983. The results show that: (1) From the perspectives of time, the settlement of the study area is developed from the Heichengzi of the Song Dynasty. According to the trend of settlement quantity in different periods, the speed of village construction shows three stages: slow-growth stage before 1955, rapid-growth stage from 1955-1965 and decline stage from 1965-1983. From 1955 to 1965, it grows he fastest increasing by 166 new settlements. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the most densely populated areas in each period of the study area are located in Hulutai Township, the eastern part of Habiriga Township and Ajhubu Township, which is also the southwestern part of Zhenglan Banner, and continues to expand to the periphery. It shows that the settlement development of Zhenglan Banner has certain spatial inheritance.(3) According to the change of grade structure of settlement scale in Zhenglan Banner, the settlement in pastoral area is mostly pastoral village and has smaller scale, and the settlement layout is more divergent. According to the scale structure of pastoral villages, the settlement scale of the study area can be divided into four levels. The analysis shows that the scale grade structure of the settlement system in the study area coincides with the law of urban Rank-Size Rule.