Spatio-temporal Characteristics of China's Digital Economy's Ability to Absorb and Drive Employment
Received date: 2023-08-25
Revised date: 2024-03-09
Online published: 2024-09-14
Based on the definition of core industries of digital economy by the National Bureau of Statistics of China,this article constructs a provincial input-output table including the digital economy,merges it with the provincial employment data of the national population census and the national 1% population sample survey,and analyzes the evolution trend of China's digital economy's ability to absorb and drive employment from 2000 to 2020. It's found that: 1) Digital economy's ability to absorb and drive employment have increased significantly,and the growth rate of the ability to absorb employment is even higher. 2) The digital service industry has surpassed the digital manufacturing industry and become the main industry to absorb employment. Through the continuous increase in the demand for intermediate products in the service industry,the digital economy has a constantly enhanced employment-driven effect on the leasing and business service industry,traditional wholesale and retail industries and other service industries. 3) Beijing,Tianjin,Guangzhou,Jiangsu and Shanghai have always been the advantageous areas for the digital economy to absorb and drive employment. With the penetration of the digital economy into the central and western regions,provincial-level regions in central and western China have formed new areas with ability in absorbing or driving employment. 4) The differences in the ability to absorb and drive employment of the eight comprehensive economic zones tend to narrow,and the narrowing of the differences between the three major coastal regions and the five major inland regions is the main driving force. Based on the above,this paper puts forward suggestions to strengthen employment skills training,improve the quality of employment in line with the new trend of employment in the digital economy,and improve ability to absorb and drive employment.
JIANG Yutong , FENG Yonggang . Spatio-temporal Characteristics of China's Digital Economy's Ability to Absorb and Drive Employment[J]. Economic geography, 2024 , 44(5) : 117 -125 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2024.05.012
表1 我国数字经济就业吸纳与带动能力的变化趋势Tab.1 Change trend of China's digital economy's ability to absorb and drive employment |
| 指标名称 | 指标类别 | 2000年 | 2005年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2020年 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 就业吸纳能力 | 规模(万人) | 540.10 | 791.77 | 1576.56 | 2056.38 | 2782.42 |
| 占全国总就业比重(%) | 0.77 | 1.13 | 2.11 | 2.95 | 4.18 | |
| 就业带动能力 | 规模(万人) | 1482.01 | 1960.42 | 2073.17 | 2361.63 | 3192.32 |
| 占全国总就业比重(%) | 2.12 | 2.80 | 2.78 | 3.38 | 4.80 | |
| 就业吸纳与带动能力总和 | 规模(万人) | 2022.11 | 2752.18 | 3649.72 | 4418.02 | 5974.74 |
| 占全国总就业比重(%) | 2.89 | 3.93 | 4.89 | 6.33 | 8.98 |
表2 我国数字经济就业吸纳能力的行业分布特征Tab.2 Industry distribution characteristics of China's digital economy's ability to absorb employment |
| 行业类别 | 2000年 | 2005年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2020年 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 数字产品制造业(%) | 68.76 | 54.16 | 59.61 | 56.85 | 43.94 |
| 数字产品服务业(%) | 3.98 | 4.32 | 7.16 | 9.09 | 6.95 |
| 数字技术应用业(%) | 17.47 | 34.55 | 29.21 | 28.05 | 41.40 |
| 数字要素驱动业(%) | 9.79 | 6.96 | 4.02 | 6.01 | 7.70 |
图3 我国数字经济就业吸纳能力的变化注:该图基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2023)2767号的标准地图制作,底图无修改。图4、图5同。 Fig.3 Evolution characteristics of China's digital economy's ability to absorb employment |
图4 我国数字经济就业带动能力的变化Fig.4 Evolution characteristics of China's digital economy's ability to drive employment |
表3 我国数字经济就业吸纳与带动能力的全局空间自相关分析Tab.3 Global spatial autocorrelation analysis of China's digital economy's ability to absorb and drive employment |
| 年份 | 就业吸纳能力 | 就业带动能力 | 就业吸纳与带动的总能力 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.147* | 0.233** | 0.223** |
| 2005 | 0.296** | 0.390*** | 0.369*** |
| 2010 | 0.221** | 0.361*** | 0.315*** |
| 2015 | 0.259** | 0.251** | 0.256** |
| 2020 | 0.137* | 0.131* | 0.135* |
注:***、**和*分别表示全局空间自相关指数在1%、5%和10%水平上显著。 |
表4 就业吸纳与带动能力的Dagum基尼系数及贡献分解Tab.4 Dagum Gini coefficient and contribution decomposition of the ability to absorb and drive employment |
| 指标名称 | 年份 | Dagum 基尼系数 | 区域内差异 贡献(%) | 区域间差异贡献 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 区域间净值 差异贡献(%) | 超变密度 贡献(%) | ||||
| 就业吸纳能力 | 2000 | 0.5548 | 6.98 | 78.32 | 14.71 |
| 2020 | 0.3090 | 8.08 | 69.43 | 22.49 | |
| 就业带动能力 | 2000 | 0.5200 | 6.87 | 75.69 | 17.44 |
| 2020 | 0.3432 | 8.62 | 69.65 | 21.72 | |
| 就业吸纳与 带动能力总和 | 2000 | 0.5254 | 6.90 | 75.94 | 17.16 |
| 2020 | 0.3163 | 8.12 | 69.10 | 22.79 | |
表5 我国八大综合经济区的区域内Dagum基尼系数Tab.5 Dagum Gini coefficient in eight comprehensive economic zones of China |
| 指标名称 | 就业吸纳能力 | 就业带动能力 | 就业吸纳与带动能力总和 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000年 | 2020年 | 2000年 | 2020年 | 2000年 | 2020年 | |||
| 东北地区 | 0.1611 | 0.0785 | 0.2167 | 0.1489 | 0.2033 | 0.1116 | ||
| 北部沿海 | 0.2915 | 0.1877 | 0.1447 | 0.1778 | 0.1881 | 0.1477 | ||
| 东部沿海 | 0.4629 | 0.3708 | 0.3892 | 0.3584 | 0.4081 | 0.3635 | ||
| 南部沿海 | 0.4424 | 0.3325 | 0.2831 | 0.3821 | 0.3310 | 0.3409 | ||
| 黄河中游 | 0.0524 | 0.0748 | 0.0869 | 0.1546 | 0.0733 | 0.1142 | ||
| 长江中游 | 0.1548 | 0.1809 | 0.248 | 0.2098 | 0.2166 | 0.1967 | ||
| 西南地区 | 0.0988 | 0.0622 | 0.1999 | 0.1022 | 0.1611 | 0.0309 | ||
| 大西北地区 | 0.2217 | 0.1231 | 0.4911 | 0.1134 | 0.4436 | 0.1132 | ||
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