Power Source and Driving Factors of Green Transformation of Resource-Based Cities in China
Received date: 2023-07-11
Revised date: 2024-01-15
Online published: 2024-09-12
Promoting the green transformation of resource-based cities is an important issue to improve the coordinated development of regions and make up for the shortcomings of transformation. Based on the samples of 111 resource-based cities,this paper reveals the power source and driving factors of green transformation of resource-based cities in China from 2004 to 2019 using the methods of the data envelopment analysis and the quantile regression model. The results show that: 1) The green transformation performance of resource-based cities increased cumulatively by 0.33% in 2004-2019. In terms of distribution location,the green transformation performance of resource-based cities in the south of China is higher than that in the north of China. With regards to development types,the green transformation performance of declining-type cities is higher than that of regenerative-type, mature-type,and growing-type cities. 2) From the perspective of endogenous,technological progress has emerged as a catalyst for promoting growth in the performance of green transformation among resource-based cities,with environmental pollution treatment technology improvements making significant contributions. 3) From the perspective of exogenous,there are notable variations in both size and direction regarding how environmental regulation and industrial structure impact the performance of green transformation across different regions and types of resource-based cities. Notably,employment structure optimization and financial development exert substantial positive effects on the green transformation performance of resource-based cities at each quantile level.
WANG Jue . Power Source and Driving Factors of Green Transformation of Resource-Based Cities in China[J]. Economic geography, 2024 , 44(4) : 75 -83 . DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2024.04.008
表1 研究区资源型城市类型划分概况Tab.1 Overview of the classification of resource-based cities |
成长型 | 成熟型 | 衰退型 | 再生型 |
---|---|---|---|
朔州、呼伦贝尔、鄂尔多斯、松原、贺州、南充、六盘水、昭通、延安、咸阳、榆林、武威、庆阳 | 张家口、承德、邢台、邯郸、大同、阳泉、长治、晋城、忻州、晋中、临汾、运城、吕梁、赤峰、本溪、吉林、黑河、大庆、鸡西、牡丹江、湖州、宿州、亳州、淮南、滁州、池州、宣城、南平、三明、龙岩、赣州、宜春、东营、济宁、泰安、三门峡、鹤壁、平顶山、鄂州、衡阳、郴州、邵阳、娄底、云浮、百色、河池、广元、广安、自贡、攀枝花、达州、雅安、安顺、曲靖、保山、临沧、渭南、宝鸡、金昌、平凉 | 乌海、阜新、抚顺、辽源、白山、伊春、鹤岗、双鸭山、七台河、淮北、铜陵、景德镇、新余、萍乡、枣庄、焦作、濮阳、黄石、韶关、泸州、铜川、白银、石嘴山 | 唐山、包头、鞍山、盘锦、葫芦岛、通化、徐州、宿迁、马鞍山、淄博、临沂、洛阳、南阳、丽江、张掖 |
表2 DEA框架下资源型城市绿色转型绩效测度的指标选取Tab.2 Indicator selection for the green transformation performance measurement of resource-based cities under the DEA framework |
类型 | 一级指标 | 二级指标 |
---|---|---|
投入 | 劳动要素(x1) | 三次产业从业人员 |
资本要素(x2) | 资本存量 | |
绿色要素(x3) | 绿色专利申请授权数量 | |
资源要素(x4) | 城市建成区面积、城市供水总量、能源消费量 | |
产出 | 经济产出(y) | 以2003年为基期的实际GDP |
社会不公(b1) | 城镇居民人均可支配收入/农村居民人均可支配收入 | |
环境污染(b2) | 工业废水排放量、工业SO2排放量、PM2.5浓度 |
图5 中国两大地区资源型城市绿色转型绩效的动力源泉:基于技术结构Fig.5 Power source of the green transition performance of resource-based cities in two regions of China: based on the technology structure |
表3 中国两大地区资源型城市绿色转型绩效的动力源泉:基于要素结构(单位:%)Tab.3 Power source of the green transition performance of resource cities in two regions of China: based on the factor structure (unit:%) |
时期 | 地区 | 分项 | ECx1 | ECx2 | ECx3 | ECx4 | 合计 | ECy | ECb1 | ECb2 | 合计 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 南方 | EC | -0.173 | 0.112 | 1.080 | 0.042 | 1.061 | -0.006 | 0.699 | 0.440 | 1.132 |
北方 | EC | -0.272 | 0.038 | 0.294 | 0.459 | 0.520 | -0.070 | 0.284 | 0.622 | 0.836 | |
Ⅱ | 南方 | EC | 0.217 | -0.398 | -1.882 | -0.394 | -2.458 | -0.083 | -0.631 | -0.161 | -0.875 |
北方 | EC | 0.110 | 0.044 | -0.371 | -0.236 | -0.454 | -0.144 | -0.387 | 0.573 | 0.043 | |
时期 | 地区 | 分项 | TCx1 | TCx2 | TCx3 | TCx4 | 合计 | TCy | TCb1 | TCb2 | 合计 |
Ⅰ | 南方 | TC | -0.017 | -0.134 | -0.413 | 0.079 | -0.484 | 0.174 | -0.599 | 0.317 | -0.109 |
北方 | TC | 0.361 | -0.275 | 0.248 | 0.287 | 0.622 | -0.014 | -0.076 | 0.218 | 0.128 | |
Ⅱ | 南方 | TC | 0.308 | 0.828 | 1.832 | 0.469 | 3.436 | 0.217 | 0.987 | 0.165 | 1.369 |
北方 | TC | 0.218 | 0.645 | 0.588 | 0.267 | 1.718 | 0.524 | 0.791 | 0.303 | 1.617 |
图6 中国4类资源型城市绿色转型绩效的动力源泉:基于技术结构Fig.6 Power source of the green transition performance in four categories of resource-based cities in China: based on technological structure |
表4 中国4类资源型城市绿色转型绩效的动力源泉:基于要素结构(单位:%)Tab.4 Power source of the green transition performance in four categories of resource-based cities in China: based on the factor structure(unit:%) |
时期 | 类型 | 分项 | ECx1 | ECx2 | ECx3 | ECx4 | 合计 | ECy | ECb1 | ECb2 | 合计 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 成长型 | EC | 0.534 | 1.075 | 1.403 | 1.190 | 4.202 | 0.639 | 0.812 | 0.643 | 2.094 |
成熟型 | EC | -0.235 | 0.232 | 0.622 | 0.131 | 0.750 | -0.065 | 0.569 | 0.459 | 0.963 | |
衰退型 | EC | -0.788 | -0.659 | 0.745 | 0.297 | -0.405 | -0.409 | 0.218 | 1.194 | 1.003 | |
再生型 | EC | -0.024 | -0.338 | -0.261 | 0.110 | -0.513 | 0.009 | 0.060 | -0.182 | -0.113 | |
Ⅱ | 成长型 | EC | 0.180 | -0.540 | -1.360 | -0.660 | -2.380 | -0.430 | -1.100 | -0.080 | -1.610 |
成熟型 | EC | 0.091 | -0.352 | -1.007 | -0.254 | -1.522 | -0.132 | -0.583 | 0.404 | -0.311 | |
衰退型 | EC | 0.426 | 0.320 | -1.552 | -0.257 | -1.063 | 0.126 | -0.032 | 0.064 | 0.157 | |
再生型 | EC | -0.037 | 0.353 | 0.205 | -0.248 | 0.273 | -0.174 | -0.277 | 0.351 | -0.101 | |
时期 | 类型 | 分项 | TCx1 | TCx2 | TCx3 | TCx4 | 合计 | TCy | TCb1 | TCb2 | 合计 |
Ⅰ | 成长型 | TC | -0.384 | -1.020 | -1.545 | -0.389 | -3.338 | -0.092 | -0.817 | 0.468 | -0.441 |
成熟型 | TC | 0.336 | -0.258 | 0.098 | 0.498 | 0.673 | 0.169 | -0.233 | 0.286 | 0.223 | |
衰退型 | TC | 0.269 | 0.454 | 0.504 | 0.053 | 1.281 | -0.162 | -0.329 | -0.841 | -1.332 | |
再生型 | TC | 0.089 | -0.379 | -0.017 | -0.247 | -0.554 | 0.120 | -0.023 | 1.656 | 1.754 | |
Ⅱ | 成长型 | TC | -0.122 | 1.170 | 0.790 | -0.004 | 1.834 | 0.194 | 0.842 | -0.668 | 0.367 |
成熟型 | TC | 0.379 | 0.703 | 1.033 | 0.321 | 2.436 | 0.470 | 1.042 | 0.446 | 1.958 | |
衰退型 | TC | 0.050 | 0.606 | 1.674 | 0.407 | 2.737 | 0.303 | 0.672 | 0.290 | 1.265 | |
再生型 | TC | 0.402 | 0.575 | 0.781 | 0.691 | 2.449 | 0.423 | 0.526 | 0.166 | 1.115 |
表5 中国及两大地区资源型城市绿色转型绩效的分位数回归结果Tab.5 Quantile regression results of the green transition performance of resource-based cities in China and two regions |
全样本 | 南方地区 | 北方地区 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25% | 50% | 75% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 25% | 50% | 75% | |||
lnrgdp | -0.021 (0.032) | 0.028 (0.018) | 0.045 (0.035) | -0.008 (0.059) | -0.048 (0.040) | -0.028 (0.075) | -0.004 (0.047) | 0.058** (0.024) | 0.072* (0.042) | ||
regulate | -0.039** (0.018) | -0.038*** (0.009) | -0.018** (0.008) | -0.079*** (0.020) | -0.043*** (0.016) | -0.012 (0.020) | 0.008 (0.031) | -0.052*** (0.014) | -0.044*** (0.010) | ||
Inform | 0.041 (0.066) | 0.088* (0.050) | 0.031 (0.046) | 0.141 (0.135) | 0.191*** (0.065) | 0.073 (0.082) | 0.065 (0.075) | -0.027 (0.049) | -0.006 (0.045) | ||
urban | -0.011 (0.011) | 0.005 (0.005) | 0.015*** (0.005) | 0.003 (0.020) | 0.009 (0.014) | 0.0004 (0.020) | 0.006 (0.010) | 0.011* (0.006) | 0.022*** (0.005) | ||
Indust1 | 0.058*** (0.022) | 0.033** (0.016) | 0.027 (0.018) | 0.040 (0.027) | 0.044 (0.027) | 0.020 (0.029) | 0.045 (0.037) | 0.022 (0.029) | 0.048** (0.022) | ||
Indust2 | 0.001 (0.021) | -0.012 (0.014) | -0.012 (0.012) | 0.068** (0.029) | 0.079*** (0.030) | 0.041 (0.033) | 0.017 (0.027) | -0.011 (0.020) | -0.025 (0.015) | ||
employ | 0.164*** (0.043) | 0.146*** (0.025) | 0.063*** (0.023) | 0.216*** (0.056) | 0.219*** (0.045) | 0.179*** (0.066) | 0.166** (0.066) | 0.131*** (0.045) | 0.037 (0.032) | ||
market | -0.052*** (0.015) | -0.031*** (0.007) | 0.013** (0.006) | -0.046** (0.021) | -0.041*** (0.014) | 0.044** (0.020) | -0.091*** (0.021) | -0.050*** (0.011) | -0.001 (0.008) | ||
finance | 0.020** (0.009) | 0.015*** (0.005) | 0.009** (0.004) | 0.002 (0.017) | -0.002 (0.009) | 0.015 (0.012) | 0.026** (0.011) | 0.027*** (0.007) | 0.022*** (0.006) | ||
educate | -0.023*** (0.003) | -0.023*** (0.003) | -0.012*** (0.002) | -0.031*** (0.005) | -0.024*** (0.004) | -0.0169*** (0.004) | -0.022*** (0.005) | -0.021*** (0.004) | -0.018*** (0.004) | ||
常数项 | 0.956*** (0.126) | 1.058*** (0.088) | 1.023*** (0.076) | 0.600*** (0.173) | 0.529*** (0.179) | 0.599*** (0.217) | 0.857*** (0.177) | 1.067*** (0.122) | 1.134*** (0.098) | ||
样本量 | 1887 | 782 | 1105 | ||||||||
R2 | 0.056 | 0.065 | 0.022 | 0.128 | 0.084 | 0.054 | 0.044 | 0.082 | 0.045 |
注:***、**、*分别表示在1%、5%、10%的显著性水平,括号内为标准误,采用Bootstrap方法抽样500次计算而得。表6同。 |
表6 中国4类资源型城市绿色转型绩效的分位数回归结果Tab.6 Quartile regression results of the green transition performance in four categories of resource-based cities in China |
成长型 | 成熟型 | 衰退型 | 再生型 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25% | 50% | 75% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 25% | 50% | 75% | ||||
lnrgdp | -0.271*** (0.059) | -0.382** (0.182) | -0.103 (0.227) | 0.379 (0.463) | 0.417** (0.202) | 0.287 (0.305) | 0.082 (2.209) | 3.373* (1.713) | 3.581*** (0.975) | 2.058** (1.003) | 1.836* (0.996) | 0.714 (0.643) | |||
regulate | -0.055 (0.040) | -0.088** (0.039) | -0.058** (0.028) | -0.049** (0.019) | -0.044*** (0.012) | -0.040*** (0.011) | 0.104** (0.049) | 0.055 (0.051) | 0.003 (0.026) | 0.052 (0.080) | 0.031 (0.038) | 0.045 (0.031) | |||
Inform | 0.062 (0.132) | 0.179 (0.355) | 0.337 (0.328) | 0.119* (0.064) | 0.154*** (0.043) | 0.085* (0.044) | -0.088 (0.368) | -0.357 (0.282) | -0.124 (0.113) | -0.804** (0.355) | -0.339 (0.285) | -0.020 (0.138) | |||
urban | 0.011* (0.006) | 0.025*** (0.007) | 0.028*** (0.006) | -0.003 (0.015) | 0.013 (0.011) | 0.018*** (0.005) | -0.036 (0.034) | -0.010 (0.026) | -0.021 (0.016) | 0.049** (0.021) | 0.002 (0.013) | 0.007 (0.009) | |||
Indust1 | 0.072 (0.044) | 0.059 (0.052) | 0.043 (0.044) | 0.048* (0.026) | 0.040 (0.025) | 0.036* (0.020) | 0.048 (0.095) | 0.019 (0.067) | 0.001 (0.047) | 0.218 (0.164) | -0.135 (0.104) | -0.047 (0.086) | |||
Indust2 | -0.122*** (0.043) | -0.181*** (0.045) | -0.181*** (0.036) | 0.024 (0.027) | 0.001 (0.018) | -0.013 (0.016) | 0.006 (0.072) | -0.038 (0.065) | -0.071* (0.038) | 0.126** (0.060) | -0.009 (0.051) | 0.039 (0.039) | |||
employ | -0.215* (0.116) | -0.072 (0.132) | -0.004 (0.096) | 0.338*** (0.077) | 0.291*** (0.041) | 0.199*** (0.042) | -0.185 (0.139) | 0.067 (0.116) | 0.045 (0.066) | 0.429*** (0.131) | 0.379*** (0.092) | 0.144 (0.092) | |||
market | -0.017 (0.034) | 0.052 (0.040) | 0.078** (0.038) | -0.069*** (0.017) | -0.053*** (0.009) | 0.001 (0.011) | -0.014 (0.061) | -0.056* (0.031) | -0.032* (0.016) | -0.044 (0.049) | -0.055** (0.027) | -0.036 (0.022) | |||
finance | -0.001 (0.017) | 0.003 (0.024) | 0.007 (0.024) | 0.004 (0.008) | 0.009 (0.007) | 0.008 (0.006) | 0.057*** (0.017) | 0.052** (0.021) | 0.029** (0.011) | 0.123*** (0.034) | 0.090*** (0.025) | 0.035** (0.016) | |||
educate | -0.010 (0.009) | -0.014** (0.007) | -0.014** (0.006) | -0.024*** (0.004) | -0.027*** (0.002) | -0.021*** (0.004) | -0.023* (0.012) | 0.002 (0.014) | 0.015* (0.008) | -0.084*** (0.016) | -0.054*** (0.011) | -0.022** (0.010) | |||
常数项 | 1.903*** (0.249) | 2.118*** (0.290) | 2.004*** (0.222) | 0.775*** (0.181) | 0.949*** (0.116) | 1.013*** (0.110) | 0.839* (0.507) | 1.129*** (0.430) | 1.387*** (0.246) | -0.170 (0.414) | 0.876*** (0.322) | 0.693*** (0.253) | |||
样本量 | 221 | 1020 | 391 | 255 | |||||||||||
R2 | 0.285 | 0.212 | 0.307 | 0.118 | 0.131 | 0.045 | 0.081 | 0.038 | 0.111 | 0.174 | 0.130 | 0.033 |
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