Taking the wine production clusters in the east of Helan Mountains (the largest wine production region in China) as the research area,this study analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution of wine production clusters in 1984-2021,identifies its main driving factors and explains its driving mechanism. The results show that: 1) The development of the wine industry in the east of Helan Mountains can be divided into four phases from 1984 to 2021: germination and stagnation phase in 1984-1995 (I), slow development phase in 1995-2005 (Ⅱ), rapid development phase in 2005-2011(Ⅲ),and rapid development phase in 2011-2021 (Ⅳ). 2) In terms of space,during stage I to stage Ⅳ,it shows the spatial evolution of single-center - multi-center - the mature stage of multi-center - multi-center network, and the gravity centers shifted to the southeast as a whole. 3) Precipitation (50.7%),organic matter (13.6%),air temperature (10.4%),powder (7.9%),total potassium (6.1%), gravel content (4.8%) and sand (2.7) are the main driving factors of the spatio-temporal variation of the wine production clusters in the east of Helan Mountains,and p value is less than or equal to 0.05. 4) It is found that it is mainly driven by air temperature and total potassium at the phase of I. It is mainly driven by powder,sand and total potassium at the phase of Ⅱ,precipitation,air temperature,powder and total potassium at the phase of Ⅲ,and dominated by precipitation,organic matter,sand,gravel content and total potassium at the phase of Ⅳ. 5) In terms of mechanism,dominant and recessive driving forces work together to drive the temporal and spatial changes of wine production clusters in the east of Helan Mountains.
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