In order to achieve "smart shrinkage" of rural settlements in the fragile habitats of the Loess Plateau,the study analyzes the optimal layout of rural settlements in Xiji County of Ningxia from the perspective of ecological livability using the methods of the improved spatial gravity model,the network node centrality and the multi-intelligence body model. The results show that: 1) The pattern of the comprehensive landscape ecological security shows the distribution characteristic which is lower in the north of Xiji County and higher in the south of Xiji County, and doughnut-shaped circle,the area of village settlements located in the lower and low security levels accounts for 24.88% of the total area. 2) The centrality degree of rural settlements shows the "lower in the west of Xiji County and higher in the east of Xiji County" distribution pattern,the number of administrative villages and the area of rural settlements corresponding to the third and fourth level nodes account for 59.8% and 63.23% respectively. 3) Combining the evaluation of landscape ecological security pattern and the centrality degree of rural settlements,the villages are classified into four types: clustering and upgrading type,improvement type,urban annexation type,relocation and evacuation type. The villages belonging to the relocation and evacuation type and the improvement type are located in areas with the lower ecological security level and the lower node level,it should further optimize the spatial layout of villages. 4) After the optimal layout of the multi-intelligence system,the comprehensive utility value increases by 8.16%, the compactness degree increases by 16.27%, the area of village settlements decreases by 11.50 km2 and the number of village settlements decreases by 308. The village settlements have little change in suitability after the optimization,but it has a significant improvement in compactness degree and comprehensive utility, reduces the fragmentation degree of rural residential areas and the sporadic distribution.
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