Equipment and instrument industry and metal and non-metal industry are the two leading industries for foreign investment of listed manufacturing companies in western China,which have gradually integrated into global value chain (GVC) and formed a distinct feature of international division of labor. Based on the GVC and the outward investment of two leading manufacturing industries in western China in 2018,this paper classifies three types of urban network：R&D type,production type and sales type,and analyzes the characteristics and influencing factors of the urban network by using social network analysis method,entropy method,multi-index comprehensive evaluation method and QAP analysis method. The results show that:1) In the urban networks of different value chain links of the two leading industries,Chongqing Municipality is the center of urban network of the equipment and instrument industry in China,Chengdu City is the center of urban network of the metal and non-metal industry in China. 2) R&D activities of the two leading industries are mostly invested in cities which are the education and scientific research centers. Production activities are mostly invested in regional central cities of developing countries. Investment destination cities for sales activities are the largest and scattered. 3) Among the different type of the urban networks of the two leading industries,the R&D-type urban network has the highest density,so cities in the network are most closely linked. The production-type urban network has the highest modularization degree and the largest least upper boundedness,so this network is most likely to form clusters and easily controlled by core nodes. The sales-type urban network has the largest scale,the largest average in-degree centrality and the highest correlation degree,so cities in the network have the strongest contact ability and are uneasy to be controlled by individual nodes. 4) Geographical location,market potential,political system and economic system have great influence on the cross-border investment network of each link of the two leading industries. There are still differences in the influencing factors of urban networks in different value chain links of the two leading industries.
[1] Wall R S,Knaap G A V D. Sectoral differentiation and network structure within contemporary worldwide corporatenetworks[J]. Economic Geography,2011,87(3):267-308.
[2] Zhao M X,Liu X J,Derudder B,et al.Mapping producerservices networks in mainland Chinese cities[J]. Urban Studies,2015,52(16):3018-3034.
[3] Castells M.The Rise of the Network Society[M]. Cambridge,MA:Blackwell,1996.
[4] Camagni R.City networks:An analysis of the Lombardy Region in terms of communication flows[C]//Cuadrado J,Nijkamp P,Salva P. Moving Frontiers:Economic Restructuring,Regional Development and Emerging Networks. Aldershot,UK:Avebury,1994:127-150.
[5] Taylor P J.Specification of the world city network[J]. Geographical Analysis,2001,33(2):181-194.
[6] Wouter J,Hans K,Peter H.The location and global network structure of maritime advanced producer services[J]. Urban Studies,2011,48(13):2749-2769.
[7] 赵新正,李秋平,芮旸,等. 基于财富500强中国企业网络的城市网络空间联系特征[J]. 地理学报,2019,74(4):80-95.
[8] Robinson J.Global and world cities:A view from off the map[J]. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,2002,26(3):531-554.
[9] Cheng L K,Ma Z.China's outward foreign direct investment[J]. Economic Journal,2010,91:75-87.
[10] 宁越敏,武前波. 企业空间组织与城市—区域发展[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2011.
[11] 金钟范. 中国城市体系跨境网络结构特征——基于世界500强企业母子关系分析[J]. 地域研究与开发,2016,35(6):37-41.
[12] 薛德升,邹小华. 基于中资商业银行全球空间扩展的世界城市网络及其影响因素[J]. 地理学报,2018,73(6):989-1001.
[13] Porter M.The Competitive Advantage of Nations[M]. New York:The Free Press,1990.
[14] Kogut B.Designing global strategies:comparative and competitive value added chains[J]. Sloan Management Review,1985,26(4):15-28.
[15] Hopkins T K,Wallerstein I.Commodity Chains in the World Economy Prior to 1800[J]. Review,1986,10(1):157-170.
[16] Gereffi G,Korzeniewicz M.Commodity chains and global capitalism[M]. Santa Barbara:ABCCLIO,1994.
[17] Kaplinsky R,Morris M.A Handbook for Value Chain Research[R]. IDRC,2001.
[18] Gereffi G,Humphrey J,Kaplinsky R.Introduction:Globalisation,value chains and development[J]. IDS Bulletin,2001,32(3):1-8.
[19] Bair J.Editors introduction:Commodity chains in and of the world system[J]. Journal of World-Systems Research,2015,20(1):1-10.
[20] Coe N M,Yeung W C.Global Production Networks:Theorizing Economic Development in an Interconnected World[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2015.
[21] 周韬. 基于价值链的城市空间演化机理及经济效应研究[D]. 兰州:兰州大学,2015.
[22] Hesse M.Cities,Material flows and the geography of spatial interaction:Urban places in the system of chains[J]. Global Networks,2010,10(1):75-91.
[23] Cattaneo O,Gereffi G,Miroudot S,et al.Joining,upgrading and being competitive in global value chains:A strategic framework[R]. The World Bank:Policy Research Working Paper Series 6406,2013.
[24] 王岩. 全球价值链分工背景下中国制造业地位提升研究[D]. 沈阳:辽宁大学,2019.
[25] 丁平. 全球价值链下中国制造业转型升级的路径及策略研究[D]. 南京:南京大学,2014.
[26] 王建,栾大鹏. 成本、禀赋与中国制造业对外直接投资——基于扩展KK模型的分析[J]. 世界经济研究,2013(1):60-66,89.
[27] 张兵. 中国制造业对外投资类型影响因素分析[J]. 国际经济合作,2013(1):37-40.
[28] 葛顺奇,罗伟. 中国制造业企业对外直接投资和母公司竞争优势[J]. 管理世界,2013(6):28-42.
[29] 孙志毅. 我国制造业企业对外投资模式选择[J]. 福建论坛:人文社会科学版,2008(10):21-23.
[30] 马光明. 中国外向型劳动密集制造业对外直接投资区位选择研究[J]. 中央财经大学学报,2019(9):107-128.
[31] 杨海洋. 中国制造业向海外转移的区位分析[J]. 国际贸易问题,2013(4):123-138.
[32] 李焱,原毅军. 中国装备制造业价值链升级与技术创新的协调发展研究[J]. 国际贸易,2017(6):52-56.
[33] 袁中华. “逆全球化”趋势下中国制造业价值链的重构与攀升[J]. 宏观经济研究,2021(8):71-80,106.
[34] 林理升,王晔倩. 运输成本、劳动力流动与制造业区域分布[J]. 经济研究,2006(3):115-125.
[35] 李燕,贺灿飞,朱彦刚. 我国劳动密集型产业地理分布研究[J]. 地理与地理信息科学,2010,26(1):66-72.
[36] 冯根福,刘志勇,蒋文定. 我国东中西部地区间工业产业转移的趋势、特征及形成原因分析[J]. 当代经济科学,2010,32(2):1-10,124.
[37] 吴静. 区际产业转移对西部制造业转型升级的影响——基于产业价值链视角[J]. 软科学,2017,31(5):21-25.
[38] 关爱萍,曹亚南. 中国制造业产业转移变动趋势:2001—2014年[J].经济与管理,2016,30(6):66-72.
[39] Newman M E,Girvan M.Finding and evaluating community structure in networks[J]. Physical Review E,2004,69(2):026113.
[40] Freeman L C.Centrality in social networks:Conceptual clarification[J]. Social Network,1979,1(3):215-239.
[41] Dunning J H.Trade,location of economic activity and the MNE:A Search for an eclectic approach[C]//Ohlin B,Hesselborn P O,Wijkman P M. The international allocation of economic activity. London,UK:Palgrave Macmillan,1977.
[42] 陈明星,陆大道,张华. 中国城市化水平的综合测度及其动力因子分析[J]. 地理学报,2009,64(4):387-398.
[43] 刘华军,彭莹,贾文星,等. 价格信息溢出、空间市场一体化与地区经济差距[J]. 经济科学,2018(3):49-60.
[44] 李敬,陈澍,万广华,等. 中国区域经济增长的空间关联及其解释——基于网络分析方法[J]. 经济研究,2014,49(11):4-16.
