Achieving optimal eco-efficiency is essential to improve environmental conditions while ensuring economic growth. From the perspective of the urban agglomeration,this paper applies the super efficiency SBM model considering unexpected output to measure the eco-efficiency of 99 cities in the five major urban agglomerations from 2010 to 2019,reveals their spatiotemporal evolution pattern,and further identifies their influencing factors through the Tobit model. The main results are as follows: 1) The overall development of eco-efficiency in the five major urban agglomerations is relatively stable and on an upward trend. From 2010 to 2019,the average eco-efficiency of the five major urban agglomerations is in the following order from high to low: the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta,the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,the Chengdu-Chongqing and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. 2) The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration shows the "M-shape" trend which is rising-descending-rising-descending. The Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration shows the "inverted V-shape" trend which is rising-descending. The Yangtze River Delta,the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomerations show a steady upward trend,and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River has the largest increase. 3) The level of economic development and population density have a significant positive impact on urban eco-efficiency,while the industrial structure,openness to the outside world,technological innovation and government support have a negative impact on urban eco-efficiency,while the impact of urbanization is not significant. Based on the above,this paper proposes policy recommendations for attaching importance to regional heterogeneity and playing the role of government macro-regulation in economic and industrial structure.
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